??? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???, ???? ?????? ???????, ???? ?? ????? ???? ?????, ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????, ?????, ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ????. ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? (??? ????, ???, ??, ???) ?? ??? ??? (??? ??? ???, ??? ???) ??????, ??? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ??, ??? ??? ???? ?????? 6 ???? ???? ????.

1) ???? ??? ???? (?????) : ????, ??? ????, ???? ??????, ????? ??????, 2-?????-3-??? ?????, ?? (2-???-3-???) ??????, ??? ??????????? (????) ???.

2) ???? ?????- ???? ????? (?????)? ???? ???? (?????)? ???? ?????? (????)? ???? ?????? + ???? ?????? (I+ G)? ?????? ????? (??????)? ????? ????? (DSS) ???.

3) ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??????: ??? ??? ???, ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????, ???? ??? ???? ????;

4) ? Maillard ??? ??? ????? ????-??? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ?????;

5) ??? ????? ???? ?? ?????- ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????

??? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ?

1) ??? ????? ??, ???? ???? ??? ???? ??;

2) ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ????, ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??????, ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ????, ????, ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??????, ????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?????, ????? ???? ??? ????? ??????;

3) ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ????, ??? ??? ?????;

4) ????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??????, ??? ???? ?????, ????, ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?????;

5) ????? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ????, ?? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????, ??? ?????, ????, ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????.

6) ???? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???. ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??????

7) ???? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?????

????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????

?? ???? ??? monomer ???

(?) ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ???/???? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ? 1% ??? 20% ?? (??? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??)? ???? (???? ? ????) ? ????? ???? ?? ? ???? ? ???? ? ????? ?? 2-????????? ??? ? ????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ? ????? ??? ???? ??? ? ????? ? ? 93 ℃ ????? ? ????? ???? ????? ??? ? ?? ??? ? ??? ??? ???? ? ?? ???? (Vetol2plus), ????? 2-ethyl pyromeconic ??? ???? ??????, ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???, ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???. ???? ??? ??? ????, ???? ?? ????? ????? (PG) ??????? ?? ?????? 4 ???? ???? ???? ?????: 1) ???? phenol hydroxyl ????, ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????, ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????; 2) ????? ????? ???, ???? ???? ?? ??, ??? ?? ??????? ????? ???, ? phenol hydroxyl ??? ????? ????? ??? ?????; 3) ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????? 3-8 ??? ??? ?? ? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ????? 4) ? I + G, MSG, MCP ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????.

(?) ????????? 3-????-1? 2-cyclopentenedione ??? 3-methyl-2-hydroxy-2-cyclopentene-1-one ????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?????:: ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?????. ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????

(3) Furfuryl Mercaptan? ?? ??????? 2-furanyl methylmercaptan ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???, ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???, ?? ????, ?? ?? ?? ????. ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? 1% ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? (??? ??) ?? ??? ??? ?????? ???/???? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ??, ????? ?????? ?? 1% ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?????.

(4) Furaneol; Furanone) ????? ?? 2, 5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3 (2H) -furanone, ???? ???, ??? ????, synergist ??. ?.?.?. ? 1960 ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??? ? 5.5 ??? 6 ???? ???? ?? ?16 ??? 20 ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ???/???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??? 5% ???? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???? ? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ????? ? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ? (I + G) ?? MSG ??????? ????? ?????? 1 ??? ?????

(5) ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????- 2-????-3-??? ?????? ?? (2-????-3-???) ???????? 2-????-3-???-??????? 2-????-3-????????? ????? ??? ???? ????.

???, umami ??? ???

(?) MSGMSG MSG ??? ????? L-glutamate sodium? sodium glutamate ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? 0.014% ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???-??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????

MSG ? IMP? GMP ?? (I + G) ?? ?????? ??? ???? (MSG + IMP) ? 0.05 g / L ???? ????, MSG∶IMP = 1∶1, umami ?????? ???? ?? ????; ? MSG ?? IMP ???? ??? ? IMP ???? ????? ??? ?? 50% ????, ?? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????. ? IMP ???? ????? ? 50% ?? 100% ????, ?? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????.

????? ???? ?? ? (I + G) ?? ?????? ???? ????? , 99% MSG + 1% (I + G) ? 2 ?? ???? ????, 98% MSG + 2% (I + G) ? 3.5 ??? ?????; 96% MSG+ 4% (I + G) ? 5 ??? ???? ????. ??? ??? ????? ??? MSG ???? ?? ? (I + G) ?? ????? ??? ?? ????, ?? ???? ?????? ?????? 1 ??? ????.

(2) IMP? GMP ?? (I + G) IMP ?? GMP ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? IMP ?? GMP ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ? IMP ?3 ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? (????? I + G? IMP ?? GMP ???????? 50%)? MSG? IMP? GMP? (I + G) ??? ???? ???? ???????? ????????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?????

(3) ?????? ?? DSSMSS? DSS ???? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???? (??? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???) ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????

3.????? ????? ??? ??? ???????? ???

???? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?10 ????? ?????? ????? (??? ???????? ????? ????????? ?????? 5-??????? ???)? ???? ???? (???? ????? ???) ?? ?10 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ????????? ? ????? ? ??????? ? ??? ? ???? ? ????? ? ??? ? ????? ? ????? ? ????? ? ????? ? ????? ? ????? ? ???? ? ???? ? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ??? 17 ???? ? 208 ??? ??? ????? ?????? ? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??, ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?????, ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ????. ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????. ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ??????, ????? ??? ??? ????.

????? ??? ????????? ????? ?Maillard ???

??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ????? 1) VB1 → bis (2-methyl-3-furanyl) disulfide; 2) α-hydroxyl ketone + (NH4) 2S →H2S, ???.; 3) Aldehyde + (NH4) 2S →H2S, ???.; 4) Furanones ?? ???? ????? ???? + (NH4) 2S →H2S, ???.

??? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??????, ???? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??. ??? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?????, ??????, MSG, (I + G), ?????, ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???, MSS, DSS ???? ??? ???, ???? ??? ???? ??, ??, ??, ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???.