1. ??? ?? ????

??????;

?? ??? ?????- ???? ??? ??? ????? ???????? (?????? ??? ???? ????)? sorbitol ?? ???? ??? ?????

????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????

???? ?? pectin/?? pectin;

????? ????: ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ???.

???? ??? ??? ??? pectin? ?? ?? ???????? pectin? ???? ?????? ??? (

??? pectin? ???? ??? ?? ????? pectin (????? ??? ????? ???) ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ??? pectin ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????

?????: ??? pectin ? pectin ??? ??. ???? ??? ??? pectin (???? ????? ????) ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ????.

2. ????? ???? ?? ?????

??????;

??????- ???? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? sorbitol ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ?? (?320-20000 ?)? ?? ??? ????? ????? pectin ???

????: ??? ??? ??? ???? (> 80%), ???? viscosity, ??? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?????. ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??????.

??: ??? ?? ??? ???. ?????? viscosity ???????? ???? ??.

?????: ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? (????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????), ???? ????? ?????? ??????.

?????: ??? ??? (????? 10% ???).

???? ?? pectin/?? pectin;

?????- ???? ?????????? ????? ????? ????-1?4-??????? ??? ????? ????-?-??????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ? esterification (DE) ??? ?? ???

???? ???? ???? (HM Pectin, DE>50%): ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???. ???? ??? (> 55%) ?? ???? ??? (~ 2.8-3.5) ?? (?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????) ?????? ???????

???? ester pectin (LM Pectin, DE

????: ???? viscosity ???? ????? ??? ?? ??? ????. ? ion ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????.

??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ??? pectin (LM) ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?????

?????? ????? ????? (???? ???? ???? ????) ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ????? (β - elimination reaction) ???? ?????

?????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?????

3. ?????? ???? (?????? ???? ????)

???? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???? (??? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????) ????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????

?

??????;

???? ???-???? ?????- ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? (SCFAs) ????? ????? ??????? (???? ????????) ???? ??? ?????

??? ???? ???? ???: ~ 1 kcal/g.

????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ??????: ???? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ????? ??????. ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?????

???? ?? pectin/?? pectin;

???? viscosity ?? ?? ?????;

???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?????: ???? ???? ??? ??, ?? ????-?? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ???? (??? ??? ?? ????) ???? ??? ????.

???? ????? ????- ??? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????

??? ????? SCFAs (???? ???? ???) ????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???????? ????? ? polyglucose (???? ????? ?????? ??) ???? ??? ?????

???: ~ 2 kcal / g (????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?????).

????? ???? ??? ?????: ????? ?? ??? ???? ? mucosa (????? ???) ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????.

4. ?? ??????? ????

??????;

?? ????: ???? ????, ???? viscosity, ???? ???? ???, ???? ?????, ????? ???. .

???? ??? ?? ???:

??? ???? ???? (???? ???, ????? ????): ????? ???, ????? ?? ??? ??????.

???? ?????? (???, ???? ????): ????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? (??? ????, ???? ????).

????? ???? (??? ????? ???????)?- ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????

???? (??? ????): ??? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?? ?????

??? ????: ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????.

??? ???? (capsules, powders): ??? ??? ????? ???.

?????-??? ? ????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? .

???? ?? pectin/?? pectin;

?? ????: ?? ????, ???? ???? ?? ????? emulsification ????. .

?? ?????????-

??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? pectin (LM Pectin) ???? ????/??? ????? ??? ????? (?????? ions ?? ??????) ???? ???? ??? ???

??? ?? ???? ???? ?????- ? whey ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? (???? ??? ???)?

???? ?????? (???? ????? ??????): ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? (???? ?? ????? ?? ?????, ???).

??? ?????? ????? ???? viscosity? ?? ?????? ???? (??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??)? ??? pectin ???? ?? ? "?????? ???" ????? ??????.

????/?????? ?????? ?????- ?? ?? ? pH/ions ???? ??? ?????

??? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? (????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ????)?