???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????? β - D-mannuronic ??? (M) ?? α - L-guluronic ??? (?) ? (1 → 4) ???? ????? ??. ????? alginate aqueous ???? ???? viscosity ??? ??? ??? thickener, stabilizer, emulsifier, ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???. ???? alginate ??? ????? 1938 ?????? ???? Pharmacopeia ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??, ???? alginate ???? ??? ??? - COO -, aqueous ???? ??? polyanionic ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???. ? mucosal ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ????. ????? ????? ??? - COO - ?? COOH ????, ? ionization ??? ?????, ????? alginate hydrophilicity ?????, ??????? ????? ?????, ?? ???? ??? ????? ? COOH ??? ?????? ??????, ????? alginate hydrophilicity ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????. ????, ???? alginate ??? ??? ???? ???. ???? ????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??? Ca2+ ?? Sr2+ ?? cations ??? ??? ? ? ??? ??????? cations ?? ??????? ?? G ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ? ??? ???? ??????? ? ?????? ? ???? ? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?????, ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???.