Citicoline (cytidine 5-diphosphate choline, CDP-choline) ??? phosphatidylcholine ?? ????????? ????? ????? ??. ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ????? [1]. ????? ?????? ??? ??? ???-??? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??, ??? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??. ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? "citicoline" ?? "CDP-choline" ????? ??? ???? [2] ??? ????? ???. ????? ??? ??? ????? ?????-????? ?? ???. ???-???? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??? citicoline ?? ??? phospholipids ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?????. ????, citicoline ???? choline [4,5,3] ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????.

???? ??????

Citicoline ???? ????????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ??? norepinephrine ?? dopamine ????? [4,6]. ????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ???? [4,5,2]. ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????????? ?? ???????? ??????, ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ?????. Citicoline ?????? ??????? ????? phospholipase A2 ?????? ?? ??? antioxidant glutathione [7,8] ?????. ??????? ????? ????? ???? ????????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ????? [9,10,1] ???

?????? ???

???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? Choline ????? ???? ????? [11,12]: ??? ?? (???) ????? ??? ?? ?? ??? Cytidine ??? ?? ?? ? ??????? ??? (???? ??? ??) ??? ???? ??; ?????? ? colostrum [13,14] ??? ????. Citicoline supplements (Cognizin, Somazina) ?? ???? ? choline ??? ??, ??????: choline alpha-GPC phosphatidylcholine lecithin.

? citicoline ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????

1) ????? (?????) ????

???? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ? 14 ????? ????? ???? CDP-choline ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ? 2,800 ??? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ? 21% ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ? 45% ????? ?????? ??? ?????. ?? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? [18]. Citicoline (1000mg ? 9 ???) ? 350 ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? [19]: ???? ???? ????? ? norepinephrine ?? dopamine ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ? 210 ????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????? ????, CDP-choline ????? ???, ?????? ???, ???? ?? ?????? ???. ? citicoline (2000mg) ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? [20,21,22]. ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? citicoline ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ???... ?135 ??? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??? citicoline (250-500mg) ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? [23,24]. ???? ?? ??? ??? (250 ?.?) ??? ??? ????? (?????) ?????? ???? ?? ?60 ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ????? [25]? ? 24 ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??? citicoline (500 ??? 1000mg) ????? ????? ?????? ????? - ???????? ???? ? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ? ????? ???? - ?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?? [26]? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?????. [26] ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ? 19 ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???, citicoline (??? 2,000 ?? ??? ? 8 ?????) ??? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????. ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?????, ??? ??????? ? citicoline ???? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???? [27,28]. ????-???? ????, citicoline ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ????, ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??.

2) ????? ?????

???? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??????. Citicoline ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???? [29,30]. ???? ????? ????? (? 1,300 ??? ?????) ??-???? ????, ????? ??? ? 24 ???? ??? 2000mg citicoline ???? ?? ??? ????? ????? ? 38% [10] ????. ? 4,000 ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???????? citicoline ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????; ???? ??? (2000-4000mg) ???? ???? ???. ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???, ???? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ????? [31]. ? 3,000 ??? ????? ????? ??? ???? ? CDP-choline ????? ??? ???? (stroke) ??? ??? ??? ????? [32,33]. ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?????? citicoline ???? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? [34,35]. ? citicoline ???? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????, ??? ?? ???? ??? ??. ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?????

3) ???? ????

?? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?????????? citicoline ????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? [1] ?? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? Amblyopia ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ????? [36] ????? ? 80 ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? citicoline ???? ?????, ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? [37,38]. ? Citicoline ???? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? (68 ?????) [39,40] ????? ????? ??????. Amblyopia ??? "??? ???" ?????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ????. [41] ? 190 ???? ???? ????? ????? ???, ??? ??? citicoline ????? ??????? ???? (???? ?????) [42,43,44]. ? CDP choline ??? (??? 1000 ?.?.) ???? ???? ???? ?? ? 10 ????? ??? amblyopia ????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ??? [45]. ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??????? 26 ????? ??? ????? (1600mg/??? ?2 ???) ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ???? citicoline ??? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????? ????? ???????

4) ????? ???

?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???, Citicoline (1000mg ???? ? 1-3 ???) ???????? ??? ?????? ????? [47,48,49] ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? (????? ?? IL1B) ??? ????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ??????. ?????? ??? ??????? ??? (APOE-e4 ??????) ??? ?????? ???-???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??????. ?? ????? ??? ?? ?????? APOE-e4 ?????? ????? ??? ????? (?? ?? ?? ???) ??? ????. ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? (?600 ??? ?????) [51,52] ????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ????? [53]. Citicoline ??????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ????, ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??. ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? [54,55]. ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ? myelin ??? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? [56,57] ????? citicoline ???? ??? ???????.

5) ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?????

????? ???? ? 50 ????? ?? ????? ???, citicoline? ?? ??-???? (citalopram) ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? [58]. ????? ???? CDP-choline ????? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ? norepinephrine? dopamine ?? serotonin ??? ????? [59,60]. Methamphetamine ?? ???? ???? Citicoline ?60 ?????? (??) ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? (2000 mg/?? ? 3 ???)? ??? ? 31 methamphetamine ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? [61,62]. ????? ?????? ????? ?130 ??? ????? ???? ????? (500-2,000 mg ? 3 ???) ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ?20 ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ????? [63,64,65]. ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? [66]. Citicoline ? 66 ??????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? "????" ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??? [67]. ?24 ??? ????? ???? CDP-choline ?????? ???????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????