?????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ????????

????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ???? HMB-Ca ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????? (??????????) ???????. ????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?? 65 ????? ??????? 3 ?????? ?? HMB-Ca ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? 12 ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? 1.2 ???? ????? ??? ?????? ????? 14%? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??????? 23%34. ???? ???? ???? ?? ???:

?

? ????? ???? mTOR ?: ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? 38??

? ????? ???? ?????????? ?????????? ?: ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? (??? MuRF1) ????? 41??

???? ????? ????????: ???? ??????? ???? ???????? IL-6 ????? 29% ????? ???????? ??????

?? ???? ?????? ????????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???? ??????? (HMB-Ca) ?? ??????? ?3 ??? ????? ???? ????? ????????? ????? 17%? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? (SASP) ????? 34%. ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ????????? ???? ??????? (HMB-Ca) ?????? ???? ??? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? 19% ?? ????? ??????? ?????????.

?

2. ???? ???? ??? ??????? ????????

???? HMB-Ca ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????:

?

? ????? ???? ??????? ?: ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? 3 ???? ?? HMB-Ca ?? ????? ?????? 3 ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? 62% ?????? ???? ?????? ????????? ????? 38%?

? ??? ????? ?????? ?: ?????? 30% ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? HMB-Ca? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? 5-7 ????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ????? 41%?

????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????: ????????? ??????? ?? HMB-Ca ???????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? 6 ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? 6 ????? ?????? 82 ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? 21?

????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ??????? HMB-Ca ?? "???? ????" ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????? 28% ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? 19%.

?

3. ????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???????

?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? HMB-Ca ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????????:

?

?????? ?????????: ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? 2 ????? ??????? ?????? ????????? HMB ???? 12 ???????? ????? ???? HOMA-IR ????? 23% ???? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? 37%.

? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?: ?? ???? ????? ???? AMPK? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? 29% ???? ????? ????????????? ????? 18%?

????? ???????? ???????: ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? 42% ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? 31% ?? ???????? ?? ???? ????????? ???????/????????? ???????

?? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? HMB-Ca ?? ?????????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?????? 1.2 ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ??? 68%. 57 ????? ????? ??????? ?????? (RCT) ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? 19% ?? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? (ASCVD) ??? 24 ??????? ?? ??????.

?

4. ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????

?? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? HMB-Ca ???? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ????????:

?

? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?: ?? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? 6 ?????? ?? HMB-Ca/??? ??? 3 ???? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? 2.3 ??? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? 2.5 ??? ?

??????? ?? ??????? ?? ???????: ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ??? HMB-Ca ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? 41% ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? 57%.

??? ????? ????? ???????: ??? ????? ?????? ????????? HMB (50 ???/??/???) ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????? ????? 24% ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? 19%

????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ???? HMB-Ca ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ????????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? 8. ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? HMB-Ca? ??????? ?? ???????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??? 91% ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ±7%.

?

5.????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???????

?????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ????? HMB-Ca ?? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??????:

?

????? ????? ????? ???????: ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? HMB-Ca ???????? ????????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? 17% ????? ADL ????? 23% ??? 6 ????

???? ??????? ?? ????? ??????: ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????????? HMB? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? 58%? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??? 3-4 ??????.

??????? ???? ???????: ???? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? 3 ?????? ?? ????????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? 72% ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? 39%.

?? ???? ????? ???????? ????????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???? ??????? (HMB-Ca) ???? ????? ????????? ????? 44%? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ????? 51% ??? ?????? ????? ???????. ???? ??????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???? ??????? (HMB-Ca) ??? ??????? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? 37%.

?

6. ???? ????????: ????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????

???? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? HMB-Ca ??? ???? ????? ????????? ?????:

?

? ???? ????? ?????? ?: ??????? ???????? ?? HMB-Ca ?????? ?? ????????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? 3.7 ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??? 72 ???? ?

? ????? ?????????? ????????? ?: ?????? ????? HMB-Ca ????? 62%? ????? ???? HMB-CA ??? 99.9% ????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?

? ???? ??????? ??????? ?: ???? ???? ???????? ????? ????? HMB-Ca ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?

?????? ?????????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? HMB? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? HMB synthase ?????? CRISPR-Cas9 ??? ????? ?????? ????? 29% ?? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???. ??? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? HMB-Ca ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? 2.8 ??? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?????????.

??????? ??????? ????????

??? ????? ?? ?? HMB-Ca ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ???:

?

? ?????? ?? ?????? ?: ???? ???? ????? 5 ????/??? ??? ????????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?

? ????? ??????? ?: ???? ??????? ?? ??????? 2-3 ????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?

????? ?????????: ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ???? mTOR

????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? (ISSN) ?? ????? ?????? ????????? HMB ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? 1-2 ???? ??????. ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ????? ????????? HMB ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??????.