??????? ?????????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? (C? H?? O?)? ?????? ????? ????????? C-2 (?? ?? ????? ?????? ??????????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????)? ??? ?? ????????? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ??????. ???? ??? ?????? ????? ???????????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??????:

?

1. ???????? ??????

????????:

?????? ????: ????? ???? ????? ?????? SGLT1 (???? ???????? ????????? ??????? 1) ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????. ???? ???????? ????? ?????? (???? ?? 95%)? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????.

????? ??? ???? ?????? ????????.

???????:

?????? ??? ????: ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ???????? (???? ???? ?????? ????? GLUT ??? GLUT5 ?? ????? ??????). ???? ???????? ????? ???? (????? 10-20%)? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ??????.

2. ???? ??? ???? ????

????????:

??? ????????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ????.

???????:

???? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? (???? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? 50 ????????/???? ??? ??? ????? ?? 4-6 ??????/??? ?? ????????). ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ????.

3. ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????

????????:

????? ??? ?????????: ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????????? (??? ???? GLUT4).

??????????/??????????: ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? (HK) (?? ??????? ????????) ?? ?????????? (GK) (?? ?????) ??? ??????-6-?????? (G6P). ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????.

???????:

?? ????? ??? ?????????: ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ?????????.

????????? (MK): ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? (?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????????) ??? ?????-6-?????? (Man-6-P). ???? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????.

????????? ???????????? (PMI): ????? ???-6-?????? ??? ??????-6-?????? (F6P) ?????? ????????? ????????????. ???? F6P ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ????????.

4. ???????? ??????? ????????

????????:

????? ???? ?????? ??????: ???? ?? G6P ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? (ATP).

????? ??????????: ????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ????? ????????.

???? ?????? ???????: ???? NADPH ??????-5-?????? (?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????????????).

????? ??????: ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ????.

???????:

??????? ??? ?????? ???? ????????: ??? ????? PMI ??? F6P? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? (???? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????).

????? ??????????: ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????????! ???? ????? ???-6-P ??? ????? GDP ???? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????????????? ???????????????.

??????????: ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? (N-linked GlcNAc ?). ???? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ????????? ?????? ??????? (??? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ??????).

??????? ??? ????????/??????????: ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????? ????? F6P ???? G6P? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ????????? ???? ???????? ?????.

5. ????????? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ??????????

????????:

?????? ???? ?? ??? ????: ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ????.

????? ???? ?????? ?????????: ?????? ????? ???? ??????????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????????.

???????:

?? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????: ???? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ????????? ??? ????? ??? ?????????.

??? ????? ????? ?????????: ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????.

6. ?????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????????

????????:

??????? ????????: ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? (???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???????)? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????.

???????:

??????? ????????: ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????????????? ??????????????? (?????? ??? ???????? ???? ????????? ????????? ??? ????????? ??? ??? ???).

??????? ????????: ??? ???????? ??????? ??????? (?? ???? ??? ???????? ????????).

7. ?????????? ?? ????????? ????????

????????:

?????? ?????? (???????)? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????????.

???????:

??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????? (???? ?????? ???? ????? ????????? ?????????) ????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? (??? ??? CDG Ib MPI).