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?????????????????? ??? (CVD) ? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??, ?? 50 ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??, ????? ???? ?????, ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ??????????? ??. CVD ???????????? ??????????, ?????????? ?????, ??????????????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ??? ????????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??. ????, ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? CVD ?? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ????????? ?????? ??.

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???????? ?????????, ??? ???????? CVD ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??. ?????? ???????? ? ???????? ????????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???????????? ????? ?????? ??, ?? ????????? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ????????? ??? ??. ???????? ?????????? ?? ?? CVD ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ??: ????????? ???????? ????, ?????????????? ????????????? ????? ????, ?????????? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ??????, ???????????? ??????? ??? ????????? ???? ?????????/?????????? (I/R) ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????.

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????? ?????????????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ??????????? ???????????? ??? ???? ???? ???????, ?? ????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??. ????????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ??. ????????? (mTOR), ?? ?????/????????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??????, ????? ?????????? ???? ???????????????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ??. mTOR ??? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??, ?????? AMP-?????? ??????? ?????? (AMPK) ????????? mTOR ??????? ??????? ????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ??.

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???????????? ? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ?????, ??? ?? ?????, ?????????, ???????? ??? ?????????? ???? ??? ??. ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ???? ??, ????? ????? ??????, ?????????????, ???????? ?????? ??? ????????-?????????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ????????? ?????? ??? ??. ???????? ?????????? ?? ?? ???????????? ????? ?????? ?????? AMPK ?? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ??? ??? ??. ??????, ???????????? mTOR ??????????? 2(mTORC2) ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ??? ??.

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???????? ??? ????? ????? ???, ?????? ??? ???????? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?????????????? ???? ??, ????? ????? ??????, ????????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??. AMPK ????????? ?????, ???????? AMPK ?? ?????? ????? ????????? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ??? mTOR ?? ??????? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ??? ??.

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?????????? ? ??? ??????????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??. ?????????? PI3K-AKT-mTOR ????????? ??????? ??????? ?????, AKT ??? mTOR ?? ????????????? ?????? ???????, LC3-II ?? ???????, BECN1 ?? ?????????? ???????, BECN1 ??? BCL-2 ??????? ????????????????? ??????? ??? FoxO1 ?? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??? ??? ??.

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?????????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ??

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?????????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ? CVD ?? ????????????????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??. ????????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ??? CVD ???? ???? ????? ??. ???????? ?????? ????? CVD ?? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ??.

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?? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ????????? ???-??????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?????????????? ?????? ??, ????? ????????????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ??? ??. ??????? PPARγ, LXRα ??? ABCG1 ?? ???????????? ????? ??? ??, ???????????? ????????????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??? ??, ??? ??????????? LDL ?????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ??, ?????? ???????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??.

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???????? ? ?????? ???? ????? ????????? ?????????? ?? ?? ????? ????????????? ??? ???????????? ???? ???????????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ????????????? ?????????????? ???? ??? ??. ????????? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ???????? ???????? CVD ???? ???? ?????? ???? ????????? ??. ???????? ?????????????? ??????? ???????? (ROS) ?? ????? ??? ??, ????-???????????? ??????????? ??? ??????????????????? ????????? ????????? ????? ??, ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????????? ????? ??. ???????? NF-κB ??????????? ???????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ??, ??? ?? Nrf2/ARE ???????????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????????? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??.

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??? ? ???????????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??. ?????? ?????????? ???? ROS ?? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ??. ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ????, ??? ?? ??????????, ??????? ??? ???????, ????????????? ????????? ??????? ??. [6]- ??????? PI3K/AKT ????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ?????????? (SOD) ???????????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ????????????????????? ROS ??????? ??? ?????????????????? ???? ????? ??? ??. ??????, 6-???????????? ?????? ????? ???? Nrf2 ?? ??????? ????? ????????????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??. ??????? ?? ??, ????? ?????????? ?????????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??, ????? ?????????? ???? ??? ????? ??????, ???????? ?????? (NO) ???????? ??????, ?????????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??.

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???????????? ???????????? ?????

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?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???????? ???????, ????? ????????? ?????????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????? ??? ??, ?? CVD ?? ?????? ?????????? ??. ???????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ?? ???????????????? ???????????, ?????????? ??? ???????????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??, ?? ???? ?????????????? ????, ??????????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ??. ?????????????? II ???????????????? ????????????? ?????????? ??? ?? ??? ?????????????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ???????????? ???????? ??? ??. AMPK CVD ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ??, ??? AMPK ?? ??? ?????? ????????????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ????????? ????? ??.

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????????? ??????????????? ????? ?????? β1 (TGF-β1) ????????? ?????????????????? ????????? ??????????????????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ??. FoxO1 ? ??????????, ?????????? ???? ??? ??? ?????????? ????? ?? ??????????????? ?????? ??. TGF-β1 FoxO1 ???????????? ???????? ??? ??, ??? ????????? ???????????????????, TGF-β1 FoxO1 ????????????? ????? ??, FoxO1 ?????????? ??????????? ????? ??, FoxO1 ??????? ???? ????? ??, ??? ????????? ?????????????????? ????????? ????????????????? ????????? ?????????? ??? ??.

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??????? ? ?????????????? ????????????? ???? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??. ??????? AMPK/TGF-β/Smads ????????? ???????? ????????? ????? ???? ??????-??????? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ??. ????????? ????????? ??????? AMPK/TGF-β/Smads ????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ????????? ????????????? ????? ????? ??. ??????? ??????????????? ??-????????? p300 ???? Smad3 ??? Smad3 ?? ?????????? ??????????????? ?? ?????? ??, ?????? ?????????????? II-???????? ????????? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ??.

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?????????? ???? ????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ????????? ????????????? ??. ?????????? ?????????????? II ??? ???? ??????-???????? ????????? ??????????? ????? ??. ?????????? ?????????????? II-??????? c-Fos ??? c-Jun ????????? ???????????? ?????? ??, ?????? AP-1 ????????? ?????? ??. ??????, ?????????? ROS-?????? p38 ??? JNK ????????? ???????? ??????? ????? NF-κB ??????????? ?????? ??? ??, ??? AP-1 ???????????? ????? ?????????? EGFR ???????????????? ??? ???? ??????????? ????? ERK/PI3K/AKT/mTOR/p70 ?? ??????? ????? ????????? ????????????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??, ?? ???? ??????? ????????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????????? B-?????? ?????? ????????????? ??? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ??. ?????????? ?????????????? II-??????? ROS ??????? ??? NADPH ???????? ???????????? ?? ?????? ??, ?????? ????????? ??????????? ??? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ??.

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? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??? ??. ??? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ??, ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??. ?????? ?????????? ????? ????? ????????? ????????? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????????? ????????? ??? ??.

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???????? ?????????? ?? ?? ????????????, ????????, ??????????, ????????, ???, ????????, ??????????, ?????? ????, ?????????, ??????, ????????? IIA ??? ????????? E ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????, ?????????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ???????, ???????????? ?????????? ???????, ?????????? ??????? ??? ?????????/?????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??. ? ?????? ???????? mTOR, AMPK, NF-κB, Nrf2, ????? ???? ????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ??.

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??????, ??? ??? ?????????? ???? ???????, ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ??? ??? ??? ??. ?????? ????????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????? ? ??????????? ?????? ??? ??. ??? ?????, ???? ????? ???????, ?????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ??.

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????, ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?????????? ?????????? ??? ? ??????? ???? ????, ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??. ?????? ?????, ?????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ??? ??, ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ????? ???, ??? ???????? ??????????? ??? ???????? ???? ??. ??????, ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????????????????? ??? ??? ??, ??? ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ??.