????? ???????, ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ??, ?? ??? ????????? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??. ????? ??? ????? ?????????, ??????? ??????????? ???????? ???? ????, ??????? ??????? ??????, ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ??????, ??????, ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ??? ??. ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? (??? ?? ??????????, ?????, ???, ?????) ??? ???? ????? (??? ?? ???????? ?????, ?????? ?????) ??? ??????? ??? ??, ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ??? ??, ?????? ????? ????????? ?????? 6 ?????????? ??????? ??? ???? ??:

1) ??? ?????? ?????? (????????): ???????, ???? ???????, ?????????? ?????????, ?????????? ?????????, 2-?????????-3-??????? ?????????, ??? (2-??????-3-???????) ?????????, ?????? ?????????????????? (MCP), ?????;

2) ????? ??????: ?????? ????????? (MSG), ?????? ?????? (IMP), ?????? ???????? (GMP), ?????? ?????? + ?????? ???????? (I+ G), ?????????? ???????? (MSS), ???????? ???????? (DSS), ?????;

?) ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?????: ??? ?? ????? ???, ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???, ????? ???? ??????? ?????;

?) ??????? ?????????????? ??????? ??? ???: ??? ?? ??????????? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ? ??? ????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????????? ??????? ??? ??;

?) ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?????: ??? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ????????? ????????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??????, ??? ???????? ???????? ???? ????????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??????.

?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??:

?) ?????? ??? ??, ????? ???????? ??? ????????? ??;

2) ????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???? ????, ? ?? ?? ???? ????? ????????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ????, ????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ??, ???? ??, ???? ????????????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ????? ??? ??, ????????????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??, ??? ????? ???????? ????????? ????? ????? ??? ??;

?) ???? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????? ????????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????, ?? ??????? ????? ????;

?) ?????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ? ??? ????, ?? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ??, ?? ??????? ??????, ???, ?????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ??;

?) ?????? ????? ???????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??, ??? ??? ????????? ???????????? ???? ??????? ???? ??????????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????, ??? ?? ?????????, MCP, ????? ??????? ??? ??? ??;

?) ????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??. ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????????? ???????? ????? ??, ??? ?? ???????, ???? ???????, ?????, ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ????, ?????? ?????? ?????, ??? ?? ?????????? ?????????, ??????, ?????, ??? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????;

?) ????? ????????? ????? ???????????? ????? ?????, ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??.

?????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ?????

A, ????? ????? ?????? ????

(a) ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ??, ?????? ???? ???????? GC/MS ??????????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????, 1% ?? 20% ?? ??????? ?????? (???? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ??, ????????? ??? ?????). ??????? (???????, ???????), ?????????? ????? ???, ???????, ???????, ???????? ??? 2-?????????????????? ????, ??? ????? ????? ???? ???? ? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??, ???? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ?????????? ??? ??, ??????, 93 ℃ ?? ????????, ?????? ???????? ?????-?????? ?????, ???? ???, ????????? ???? ??? ??. ??? ??????? (?????2????), ?? ???????? ???? 2-???? ???????????? ???? ????? ????? ??, ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??, ??? ? ???? ????? ??? ????? ????????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??. ???? ??????? ??????? ??, ?????? ??? ????????? ???????? (PG) ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????? 4 ??????? ?? ????? ????? ????: 1) ??????? ????? ???????????? ??? ??, ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???, ???? ??????? ????????? ????? ??????? ????; 2) ?????? ?????????????, ????? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ??, ????? ???????? ?????????????, ????? ???????????? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??; 3) ???? ????????? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? 3-8 ??? ??, ??? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??; 4) ?? I + G, MSG, MCP ??? ???? ????????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ???, ?? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??.

(b) MCPMCP, ???? 3-??????-1, 2-??????????????????? ???? 3-??????-2-???????????-2-??????????????-1-?? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ??, ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ??, ???? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ?????????? ??? ??. ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ???. MCP ??? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ? ????? ???????? ??, ????? ??? ??? ????? ? ???? ????. ???? ?????? ?????? ?????????, MCP ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????.

(?) ?????????? ?????????, ???? ???? ?????????, ?-????????? ?????????????? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ??. ???? ???????????, ????? ??? ? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??, ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ??, ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??. ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?% ?????????? ????????? ??????????? ????, ????? ??? (????? ???) ???? ????? ????? ??? ??, ??? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???. ?????? ?????? ??????? GC/MS ??????????? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ????? ????????? ???? ??? ???, ??? ??? ?????? ?? ?????????? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????? ????. ???????? ????????, ?????????? ??????????? ?% ??? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ??? ??.

(?) ?????????; ?????????) ???????? ??? ?, ?-?????????-?-???????????-? (???) -?????????, ?? ??????? ?????, ????? ???????, ?????????? ??. ???? ?? ??????? ????????, ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ????, ???? ???? ????????? ?? ???????? ??? ??. ???????????? ?????? ?????, ?????????? ???? ????? ??? ??, ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????????? ??? ??, ?????? ?????, ???? ??? ????, ??????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ??, ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ????????? ????? ????? ??. ??????????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????????? ?.? ?? ? ??? ??? ????????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??. ?????? ?????? ??????? GC/MS ???????????, ??????????? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ???, ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?% ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??. ???? ????, ????????? ? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??, ?? ???????, ???????, ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ??????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ??, ??? ??? ? ??? ????????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ??. ???? ???????? ?????? ????, ???? ????????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ??. ??? ????????? ????????? ???????? ????? ??? ???????? ????????? ????? ?? ??? ??, ??? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ????????? ????? ??? ??, ?? ?????? ????? ??? ???????, ????? ??? ????? ????? ??. ?????????, (I + G) ??? MSG ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? 1 ??? ??????????? ????? ??.

(5) ????????? ????? ???????? ??? ???????????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ??: 2-??????-3-??????? ?????????, ??? (2-??????-3-???????) ?????????, 2-??????-3-??????-?????????, 2-??????-3-???????????????????? ?????????, ?????. ? ????? ????????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ??, ????? ???? ??????? ?????, ???? ????? ??? ? ??? ????????? ?? ??? ??.

??, ????? ????? ????

(a) MSGMSG ? MSG ??, ???? L-????????? ??????, ?????? ????????? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ??. MSG ?????? ???? ?????? ??, ?????, ???? ??? ???? ?????? ????, ??? ????? ????????? 0.014% ??. MSG ????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??, ??? ????? ??? ???????????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??. ????? ????????? ????? ??, ??? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ??, ??? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??.

MSG ?? IMP, GMP ??? (I + G) ???? ???????????? ??? ??. (MSG + IMP) 0.05 g/L ?? ???????? ??, ?????? MSG∶IMP = 1∶1 ??? ??, ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??; MSG ??? IMP ?? ?????????, IMP ?? ?? ????????? ??????? 50% ???? ?????, ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???. IMP ?? ?? ????????? 50% ?? ????? 100% ???? ?????, ??? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???.

MSG ?? ?????? (I + G) ???? ??????? ????? MSG ??????? ??????? ??? ??, 99% MSG+ 1% (I + G) ?? 2 ??? ????? ???? ??, 98% MSG+ 2% (I + G) ?? 3.5 ??? ????? ???? ??; 96% MSG+ 4% (I + G) ?? 5 ??? ????? ???? ??. ?????? ??????? ????? ????, MSG ?? ????? ?????? (I + G) ???? ????????? ??? ??, ??? ?????? ????? ?????? 1 ??? ????????? ????? ??.

(2) IMP, GMP ??? (I + G) IMP ??? GMP ????? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ???, ????????? ???? ??? ????, ??? ????? ??? ?? ??????, ??, ???? ????????? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ????????? ???????? ????? ??. IMP ??? GMP??? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??, ??? GMP ?? ????? ??????? IMP ???? ???? 3 ??? ????? ??? ??, ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????? ???? ???????? ????? ?? (???? ????, I + G, IMP ??? GMP ??????? 50% ?????? ????? ??). MSG, IMP, GMP, (I + G) ?????? ??????? ??? ?????, ??????? ????? ??? ??, ?????? ?????, ?????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ??.

(?) MSS ??? DSSMSS, DSS ??????? ????? ??? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ??, ???? ???? ???????? ???? ????????? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ??, ?????? (??? ?? ????? ????, ????????, ???????, ?????????, ??????, ???????, ?????) ????? ????? ???? ??, ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ??. ??????? MSG ???? ???????????? ??? ??.

?.?????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ???

???? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ??. ?????? ? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ??, ????? ???? 10 ?? ??? ???????? ??????????? (??? ?? ??????????????, ??????, ????????????????, ?????????, 5-??????????????, ?????), ??? ??????? (?????, ????????, ?????) ??? 10 ?? ??? ???????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ??. ?? ??, ???? ?????? ???, ???? ??????? ???? ??? ????????? ??? ????? ??? ??. ????? ?????????????, ????????, ???????????, ???????, ????, ?????????, ???????, ?????????, ????????, ????????, ????????, ????????, ???????????, ???????, ?????????, ??????????? ??? ????????? ??? 208 ??????? ????????? ???? 17 ????????? ?????? ??? ??. ?????-?? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??. ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??, ?? ????? ???? ????? ????????? ????? ????? ??, ???? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ????, ?? ??????? ????? ??? ?????????? ??? ????. ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ??????, ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ????????? ??? ??, ?????? ?????????? ????? ??? ??. ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??????, ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??. ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ? ??? ???? ???????? ?????? ???, ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ??.

?????, ????? ????????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????????

? ???????? ??????????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ??, ?????? ?????: 1) VB1 → bis (2-methyl-3-furanyl) ??????????; 2) α-???????????? ????? + (NH4) 2S →H2S, ?????; 3) ????????? + (NH4) 2S →H2S, ?????; 4) ??????????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? + (NH4) 2S →H2S, ?????.

?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???????, ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ????, ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??. ?? ??, ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???, ??????? ????, MSG, (I + G), ?????????, ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??, MSS, DSS ??????? ????? ????, ????? ??? ????????? ????, ???, ???, ????? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ??.