????????????????? ???????? ?? ???-?????? ???? ???????? ??, ?? ????, ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ????? 122.12 ??. ?? ??????? ???? ?????, ???, ??????, ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??. ?? ????, ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ??. ?? ? ????, ?? ???? ????? ????, ???? ??? ????? ???? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ???? ??? ?? [1][2]. ?????????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??, ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ????? ?????? ? ???, ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ???????? ?? ??. ???? ????? ????? 0.2 kcal/g ??, ??? ???? ????? ???????? ????????? ????? ??????? 70% ??, ?? ???? ????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ????????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?? [3]. ???? ???????? ?????????? ?? ?? ?????????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? [2]. ??????, ????? ???? ??????? ???? 90% ?????????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ??? ??, ?? ???? ???? ???? ???????????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? [4]. ?????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????????????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?? [5]. ???????????? ? ?????? ????? ????????? ????? ?????? ???? ????????? ??? ?????????????? ?????????? ? ????????? ?? ??????? ??.

??????, ?????????? ????????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ??. ???????? ?????????? ????????, ??????????? ??? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ????????? ????, ????????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ?????????? ????????? ???? ????????? ????? ??? ?? [4]. ????, ????????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??.

????? ?????: ???????????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ??, ?? ????????? ??????? ???? 2/3 ??. ?????????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??. ???? ?????? ??????? - ?????? ?????????? ????????, ????????????? ??? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?? [7,8]. ??????, ?????? ???????????? ???????? ??? ???????? ???? ????-????????? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ??, ?????? ?? ????-????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ??, ???????? ?????-?????????????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??, ??? ???????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ??, ?????? ????? ????????? ???? ??? ??.

????? ????? ????? ??: ?????????????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ??, ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? 90% ???? ??????????? ??????? ??? ??, ??? ???? 10% ???? ???? ????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??. ???? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ????????????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??, ?????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ????? ??, ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ???-?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ? ??, ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??. ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?????, ?????????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ??, ????? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ???, ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ????? ??? ?? [9]. ???????????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ??. ?????????? ?????????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? 1/10-1/20 ??, ??? ????? ????? ????? 0.2-0.4 kJ/g ??, ?? ????????? ??????? 5% ?? 10% ??, ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ??? ????? ??.

???? ????????? ??? ???? ??????: ???????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????, ????? ??? ????????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ??, ??? ??????? 10% ???? ??? ????????? ?????? ??? ??. ???? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ? ??????, ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ? ???? ?? [10]. ?????? ????????? "2007 ???? 12" ??? ???????????? ?????? ??????? "???? ?????? ????????? ??? ??", ????? ???? 50 ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??, ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???, ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ??.

??????????? ?????? ???? ?????????????: ???????? ?? ??. [11] ? ????????????????? ??????? ????????? ?? ???????????? ????? ?????? ?????, ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ?? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ????, ???? ??? ???????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ???? ????? ??? ??. ???? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????, ??????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ??, ?? ????? ?? ?? ????????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??. ????, ??? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? [12,13].

???-???? ????????: ???????? ?? ??. [14] ? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????, ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ?? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ???, ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ???. ???? ?? ?????????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??, ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????????????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ??? ??, ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ?? [15]. ??????, ???????? ?????????? ?? ?? ???????????? ?????-???? ???????????? ???? ??????? ??: 1. ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????????? ????? ??; 2, ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????????????? ??? ???????????? ?????????? ????? ??; 3. ???????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ?? [16]. ????, ????????????? ?????-???? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ????????? ???? ????????? ??.