??????? ? (?????????)???????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????????? ???????????? (FAO) ??? ?????? ????? ???????????? (WHO) (INS ????: E307-309) ?????? ??????? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ?????, ???????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??. ????? ??? ???????? ?????????? 2024 ?? ???? ??????, ??????? E ??????????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??.?.?? ??? ???? ????, ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?.?% ????. ???? ????? ????????? ????? ??:

• ????? ???? ??????:??? ??? ?????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ????????, ????? ?????, ???? ??????? ????? ???? 30% ?? 50% ???? ????? ???? ??.
• ????????? ?????????:?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????????? ??? ?????, ???? ???????? ??? ??.
• ??????? ???????????????? ??????:"????? ????" ????? ?????? (?????? ?????, ???????? 77% ??????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ??).

????, ???????-????????? ????? (UPF) ?? ?????? ????, ??????? E ?? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????????? ????? ??? ????? ??.

??????? ????????: ???????????? ??????? ???? ????

(?) ????????? ??? ??? ????????? ??????

• ????????????????????? ?????????:?? ?????? ???? ????????????????????? ??????? E ?? ???????? ????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ??? ???? (?????? ?????, ? ????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??? ???? ????? 62% ????? ??? ??).
• ?????? ????????? ?? ???????? ????????:
  • ?????? ??????? (??????? ??? ???????????? ?????????) ????? ?? (??????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ???), ????? ???? ??????????? 20% ????? ??.
  • ??????? ???????? (dl-α -?????????) ?????? 75% ?????? ????? ??. ??? ??????? (??? ?? n-???????) ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????.

(2) ????????? ????????? ???? ????

????? ?????? ??????? ??? (?????????/????) ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? 50-200 ???? ??????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ??? 100-500 ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? 30-100 ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ???? 200-400 ???? ??? ?????????? ???? ??? ???

??????? ??????: ????????? ????????? ???????

(?) ????????? ???????? ?????

• ??????, "GB 14880-2012" ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? 200mg/kg ??, ?????? ???????? ?????????, ?? 300mg/kg ???? ???? ??????? ??? ??.
• ???????? ???????: ???????? 2023??? ????? ?? ????????? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??????? E ??????????????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ????????????? ???? 37% ??? ???? ????.

(2) ????????? ?????????? ????????? ????

?????? ???????????? ?? ???????? ????????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? 1,000 ?????????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????????? ?????? ?? ??:

• ??% ??????? ???? ?? ?? "??????? ? ??????? = ??????"
• ????? ??% ???? ? ????? ?????????? ???? ??????? (???? ?????????) ?? ????? ???.
• ??% ???? ????? ????????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??

????????? ??????: ?????? ??? ???????? ??????

(?) ??????????? ???????? ????

• ?????? ?????????-??????? ?????????:?????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ???????????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ????-??????????? ??????? ? ??????, ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ??.
• ??????????? ??????:????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ??????????? ????????? ????? ??? ??, ?????? ???? 40% ??? ??? ??.

(?) ?????????? ?????

• ?????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ?? ????: "???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ??."
• ???????? FDA ??????? ??. ?????: "??????? E ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ???? ????, ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?????????? ???????."

????????

??????? ?, ?? ????? ????? ?????, ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?????????? ???? ???, ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????????? ??? ??. "????? ???? ???????" ??? "???????????? ?????" ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??.