???????????, ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ??, ????? ????? ????????, ???????, ????????, ?????? ??? ???????? ????????? ????? ??. ???? ????
- ??????? ??? ???
???????????:
??????? ????????: ??????? (????????? ?????? ???????????? ???????), ????????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????-?????? ???????????? ?????? ????????? ??? ??.
??????? ????????: ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????????? ???.
??? ???????? ???????/????? ???????:
?????? ?????????: ??? ????? ??? ??????????? ????????? ??? ??.
??? ???????? ???????: ??????? ???? ??? ????????? ???????????? (
????? ???????: ??? ????? ??????? ????? (???????? ???? ????????? ???????) ????? ???????? ???? ????????? ?????? ??? ??. ????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ????????? ???? ????????? ???????????? ??? ??, ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ????, ?????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????? ?? ???? ??.
?????: ????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??. ??? ???????? ??????? (??? ???????? ???????) ? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????????? ?? ?????? ??, ?? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ??.
- ???????? ???? ??? ????????
???????????:
????: ??? ? ????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????-?????? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ????????? ????????? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ??. ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? (???? 320-20000 Da), ??? ??? ???????? ?????-?????? ??????? ??.
?????????: ??????? ??? ? ??????? (>80%), ??? ?????????, ?????? ???? ???? ????????? ?????? ????? ??. pH ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???.
???: ??? ?????? ???. ???? ???????? ????????? ????????? ??? ??.
???????: ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ? ????? (???? ?????? ????????? ??? ??? pH ??????? ???? ?????????), ???????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???.
?????: ???? ????? (???? 10% ???????).
??? ???????? ???????/????? ???????:
????: ?? ????? ??????????? ????? ?? ????????? ?????-1,4-??????????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????-??-????????????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??. ????? ????? ???????????? (DE) ?? ????????? ????? ??:
???? ????? ??????? (HM ???????, DE>50%): ??????????????? ?????? ??????????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??. ??? (????????? ???? ??? ???????????? ?????????????????) ?????? ???? ???? ???? (>55%) ??? ??? pH (~2.8-3.5) ????? ??.
?? ????? ??????? (LM ???????, DE
?????????: ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????????????? ?????? ?????. ????????? ????? ????? ??? pH ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ??.
???: ????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ??, ??? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? (LM) ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ????????? ??? ??.
???????: ?????? ????????????? (??? ????? ???? ????? ???????) ????????? ?????, ????? ???? ??????, ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ?????????? (β - ??? ?????? ???????????) ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??.
?????: ????????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???.
- ??????? ????? (??????? ??????? ????????????)
????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? (???? ????, ???? ?????????? ?????, ????????? ?????, ??????????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ???????? ??????) ?? ??????? ??????????? ??, ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ??:
?
???????????:
????? ??????????? ???: ???? ??? ? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????, ???? ????? ????????????? (??? ????? ?????????????????) ?????? ??????????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?????? (SCFAs) ??????? ???.
?????? ??? ????? ???????: ~1 kcal/g.
???????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???????? ????? ?????????? ?????: ???? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ????, ??? ??????????????? ?????????? ?????. ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????????? ???? ??? ??? ??.
??? ???????? ???????/????? ???????:
???? ????????? ??? ??? ????????:
??? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????: ??? ??? ????????? ??, ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????????? (????? ???? ???? ???????) ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ??.
???????? ????? ?????: ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??, ?????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ??.
??????????? ???: SCFAs (??? ????? ????????? ????) ?? ???????? ????????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ??, ????? ??? ?? ??? ????????????? ????????????? ??????????? (????? ??????? ?????? ????) ???? ??? ??? ??? ??.
?????: ~2 kcal/g (?????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??).
?????????? ??????????? ?????: ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? (?????? ????????) ?? ?????? ?????????? ??? ??? ??? ??.
- ????? ????????? ????????
???????????:
????? ?????: ???? ?????????, ??? ?????????, ??? ????? ???????, ???? ???????, ????? ?????.
????????? ???????? ???????:
??? ???????? ????? (??? ?????, ????????? ????????): ???????? ???, ???????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ???.
???? ???????? (????, ???? ?????): ????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?? (????? ????? ????, ??? ????????).
???? ????? (?????, ?????, ????????): ???? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ????, ??? ????? ????, ??????????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ???.
?????? (??????, ??????): ???? ??? ??????????? ????? ????? ??.
???? ????????: ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????.
?????? ???????? (???????????, ?????): ????? ????? ??? ?????.
??? ?????, ??? ???? ??? ???? ????????? ????? ???? ????? ??????.
??? ???????? ???????/????? ???????:
????? ?????: ??? ???????, ????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????.
????? ??????????:
???, ???? ??? ?? ???????? ????????: ??? ???????? ??????? (LM ???????) ? ??? ??????/??? ?????? ??? (???????? ???? ?? ??????) ???? ????????? ?????? ????? ??.
???? ??? ?????? ???? ?????: ????? ????????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? (??? ?????? ???????) ???? ????????????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??.
??? ?????? (??? ????? ?? ??????): ?????????????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ?? (?????? ???????? ????? ???? ???????).
?????? ????? ????????: ???? ???? ?????????, ??? ???????? (??? ?? ???????? ????????, ???????? ????? ????????) ?? ????? ???. ????? ????????? ?????? ???? "?????? ???????" ???????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ??? ??.
????????????????/????????? ????? ??????: ???? ????? ????? ??? ??? pH/???? ??????? ???? ??????????????? ????? ???.
?????? ??????: ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????????? ?????? ??? ?? (??????? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ???????? ???????? ????? ??).