????? ??? ??????? ????????? ??? ????? ???
????? ??? ???????, ???? ???? ?????? ????? (C ? H ?? O ?) ????? ??, ???? ?????? ?? ??? C-2 ???????? ?? (???? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???????????? ????? ???? ??? ??), ????? ????? ????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???? ??? ??. ???? ?????? ???????????? ????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ??:
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????????? ????: ?? ????????? ???? ???????? ????? ??????? SGLT1 (?????? ??????? ??????????????? 1) ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ??. ???? ?? ?????? ???? (>95%) ??, ?? ????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??.
?????? ??? ?????????? ?? ???? ???? ??.
?????:
?????? ????: ????????? ??? ?????? ?????? (???? GLUT5 ???? ???? ????? ???? GLUT ???????? ?????????????? ?????? ??? ??). ???? ?? ??? ? ??? ?? (???? 10-20%), ??? ????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ??.
- ?????? ????????? ?????? ???
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???? ???, ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??????????? ?????? ??? ??, ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ??.
?????:
??????? ?????? ???? ??, ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? (??????? ????? ???????? ???????? ???? 50 μmol/L ??, ?? ????????? 4-6 mmol/L ???? ??? ??? ??). ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ???? ??? ???.
- ??????? ???? ??? ???????? ????????? ?????
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?????????? ??????: ?????? ??? ????????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ?????????? ????????? (GLUT4 ????????????? ??????) ?? ??? ???? ???? ??.
???????????/???????????: ??????? ????????? ???, ?? ??????????? (HK) (????????? ????) ???? ??????????? (GK) (????) ?????? ???????-6-??????? (G6P) ??? ????????????? ??? ??. ? ???? ????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??.
?????:
?????????? ?? ?????? ???: ???????? ???? ?????????? ?? ?????? ???.
????????? (MK): ?? ????????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????????????? ??? ?? (????? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ?????????) ?????-6-??????? (???-6-??) ??? ????????? ??? ??. ????? ????????? ? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ??.
??????????? ????????? (PMI): ??????????? ????????? ?????? ???-6-P ?? ?????????-6-??????? (F6P) ??? ????????? ??????? ??? ??. F6P ? ???????????? ???????? ?? ????????? ??????? ??.
- ????? ????????? ??????
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???????????? ????? ??????: G6P ????? ??????? ???? ???? ???????????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?? (ATP).
?????????? ????????: ???? ??? ?????????? ????????????? ???????? ??? ??????.
??????? ??????? ?????: NADPH ??? ??????-5-??????? ??????? ??? ?? (??????????? ??? ?????????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ??).
??????? ????????: ?????? ??? ????? ??? ??, ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??? ??.
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???????????? ???????????????? ???????: PMI ?? F6P ??? ????????? ????? ???, ?? ???????????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?? (????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ????????? ??? ???? ??).
?????????????? ????????: ????? ????? ????? N-?????? ???? ???????? ???????? ???? ????????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ??! Man-6-P ?? GDP ???????? ????????? ??? ???? ??, ?? ?????????????? ??? ????????????????? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??.
??????????????: ????? ? ??????? N-?????? ?????????????? ?????????? (??? ?? Man ? GlcNAc ?) ??? ??? ???????????? ?????? ????? ??? ??. ? ????????? ????????????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ??, ??? ??????? ????????, ???????, ??????????? ??? ????? (??? ?? ??????????, ??????? ?????????? ??? ??? ???????? ???????) ???? ?????????? ??.
???????/???????????? ???????: ??????????? ??? ??, ??? ?????? F6P ?????? ???? ???? ???????????? ?????? G6P ??????? ??? ??, ?? ??? ??????? ???? ????????????? ????????? ??? ??, ????? ?????? ???? ??.
- ??????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ?? ????
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???? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ???: ???? ???? ?? ??, ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??, ??? ?????????? ?? ???? ?????? ???.
?????????? ????????? ???????? ? ????: ??????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????.
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????? ?????: ???? ??????? ????? ??????? (??? ????? ???, ??????? ??? ??? ???????), ???? ?????? ??????????????? ????? ???? ??.
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????? ?????: ????????????? ????????????? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ??????, ?? ?????????????? ??? ?????????????? (??? ???, ?????? ????????????, ???????????? ?????, ??????? ????????, ?????) ?? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ??.
??? ?????: ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? (?????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????).
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????? ???? (?????????), ??????????????? ??????, ??????? ????????? ???????.
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??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? (????????? ??????????? ????) ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????????????? ??????? (??? ?? CDG Ib MPI ???) ?? ??????.