Yayin da yawan al’ummar duniya ke da shekaru, cututtukan da ke da nasaba da shekaru kamar su ciwon sukari, hawan jini da kiba suna karuwa, kuma wadannan cututtuka na rayuwa suna da nauyi ga tsofaffi da kuma kara hadarin kamuwa da cututtukan zuciya. Hakanan zuciya tana canzawa da kyau da shekaru, a ?arshe yana haifar da kewayon cututtukan cututtukan zuciya masu ala?a da shekaru.

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Cutar cututtukan zuciya (CVD) babbar barazana ce ga rayuwar ?an adam da lafiyar cututtuka na yau da kullun, yawanci a cikin mutane sama da shekaru 50, tare da ha?aka mai yawa, yawan nakasa da halayen mace-mace. CVD yana hade da fibrosis na zuciya, raguwar autophagy, ?ara yawan damuwa na mitochondrial oxidative da rashin daidaituwa na rayuwa. Sabili da haka, maganin farkon dalilin CVD har yanzu matsala ce ta gaggawa a kimiyyar zamani da kulawar likita.

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A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, yawancin bincike sun nuna amfani da samfurori na halitta don rigakafi da maganin CVD. Kayayyakin halitta babban nau'in nau'ikan sinadarai ne tare da fa'idodin ayyukan ilimin halitta, wa?anda aka samo asali daga tsire-tsire masu ci da na magani. Nazarin ya nuna cewa hanyoyin da ake amfani da su na maganin samfurin halitta a cikin CVD sun hada da: motsa jiki na autophagy, jinkirta gyaran gyare-gyare na ventricular, rage danniya na oxidative da amsawar kumburi, hana apoptosis, da kuma kare ?wayar zuciya daga ischemia ko ischemia / reperfusion (I / R) rauni.

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Samfuran halitta da hanyoyin aiwatar da su

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Ingantaccen autophagy

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Tsofaffi cardiomyocytes sun dogara da autophagy, hanyar lysosomal mediated deradaration path, don cire yuwuwar furotin mai guba da lalata gabobin jiki. Rashin autophagy zai iya haifar da raguwar aikin zuciya. Mammalian manufa na rapamycin (mTOR), furotin na serine/threonine kinase, shine muhimmin mai kula da homeostasis na abinci mai gina jiki a cikin dabbobi masu shayarwa. Kunna mTOR yana hana autophagy, yayin da AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) yana aiki a matsayin ingantaccen mai sarrafa autophagy, da farko ta hana hadaddun mTOR.

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Resveratrol shine polyphenol na halitta da ake samu a yawancin abinci na shuka, irin su gyada, cranberries, blueberries, da inabi. Yana da nau'ikan fa'idodin kiwon lafiya iri-iri, gami da anti-mai kumburi, antioxidant, anti-tsufa da tasirin kariya na cardio kamar ha?akar autophagy. Nazarin ya nuna cewa resveratrol na iya inganta autophagy ta hanyar kunna AMPK ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Bugu da ?ari, resveratrol na iya haifar da rayuwar tantanin halitta ta hanyar kunna mTOR hadaddun 2 (mTORC2) hanyar tsira.

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Ana fitar da Berberine daga tushen, rhizome da haushi na tsire-tsire masu magani da yawa kuma yana da nau'ikan tasirin magunguna, gami da anti-mai kumburi, antioxidant da tsarin autophagy. A matsayin mai kunnawa AMPK, berberine na iya haifar da autophagy ta kunna AMPK kuma yana iya ha?aka autophagy ta hana mTOR.

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Curcumin wani yaji ne da aka samu daga dangin ginger kuma galibi ana amfani dashi a cikin curries. Curcumin na iya haifar da autophagy ta hanyar hana hanyar siginar PI3K-AKT-mTOR, saukar da daidaita matakan phosphorylation na AKT da mTOR, ha?aka LC3-II mai ha?akawa, ha?aka maganganun BECN1, rage hul?ar tsakanin BECN1 da BCL-2, da ha?aka acetylation na Fox.

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Yana hana damuwa na oxidative da kumburi na kullum

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Danniya na oxidative da ?umburi na yau da kullum sune manyan canje-canjen kwayoyin da ke faruwa a cikin pathophysiology na CVD. Kumburi yana ci gaba da aiki a cikin tsofaffi kuma yana da ha?ari ga CVD. Tsarin farko na kumburi zai iya hana ko jinkirta abin da ya faru da ci gaba na CVD.

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Sesamin shine mafi yawan lignin mai mai narkewa a cikin tsaba da mai kuma yana da ayyuka iri-iri na magunguna, gami da ayyukan antioxidant da anti-inflammatory. Sesamine na iya ha?aka-daidaita bayanin PPARγ, LXRa da ABCG1, ha?aka fitar da cholesterol a cikin macrophages, kuma yana hana ?wayar cholesterol ta hanyar LDL mai oxidized, don haka yana hana samuwar ?wayoyin kumfa a cikin macrophages.

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Lycopene wani nau'in carotenoid acyclic ne da ke faruwa a zahiri wanda ake samu a cikin chloroplasts da chromosomes na tsirrai, da kuma a cikin cytoplasm na wasu eukaryotes kamar eubacteria da algae. Shaidar annoba ta nuna cewa ?wayar lycopene na jini yana da ala?a da ha?arin CVD. Lycopene yana kawar da nau'in oxygen mai amsawa (ROS), yana rage ?wayar macrophage na cytokines pro-inflammatory da metalloproteinases, yana hana yaduwar ?wayar tsoka mai santsi, kuma yana rage monocytes. Lycopene na iya hana amsawar kumburi ta hanyar hana NF-κB kunnawa, kuma yana iya rinjayar maganin heterobiotic ta hanyar kunna hanyar Nrf2 / ARE.

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Ginger tsire-tsire ne na monocotyledonous na dangin Zingiberaceae. Ginger yana da kaddarorin musamman wa?anda ke share ROS, gami da peroxides. Duk abubuwan da ke aiki a cikin ginger, irin su curcumin, gingerol, da gingerone, sun nuna aikin antioxidant. [6] - Gingerol na iya ?ara yawan aikin superoxide dismutase (SOD) ta hanyar kunna hanyar siginar PI3K/AKT da kuma rage samar da ROS da samuwar malondialdehyde a cikin ?ananan ?wayoyin rat na cardiomyocytes. Bugu da kari, ginger tsantsa mai arziki a cikin 6-curcumin May yana haifar da tasirin antioxidant ta hanyar haifar da Nrf2. A bayyane, ingantaccen tasirin kariya na jijiyoyin jiki na ginger suna ta hanyar ?a'idodi iri-iri, gami da rage yawan ?wayar cuta, da kuma inganta ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar cuta.

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Hana gyaran zuciya na zuciya

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Canje-canjen tsarin da ke faruwa a lokacin tsufa na zuciya, gami da ci gaba da gyare-gyaren cututtukan zuciya na zuciya, sanannun masu hasashen CVD. Tsarin gyare-gyaren ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar cuta ta fibrosis da fibrosis da kuma myocardium kumburi, wanda zai haifar da ?arar ?wayar ventricular, rashin aikin zuciya, kuma a ?arshe gazawar zuciya. Angiotensin II yana ha?aka hypertrophy na cardiomyocyte kuma yana ?arfafa ha?akar fibroblast da maganganun furotin na matrix na waje. AMPK yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ha?aka CVD, kuma rashi na AMPK yana ?ara ha?aka hawan jini kuma yana sa zuciya ta fi dacewa da gazawar zuciya.

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Cytokine mai canza girma factor β1 (TGF-β1) yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haifar da fibroblasts na zuciya don bambanta cikin fibroblasts na zuciya. FoxO1 wani abu ne na rubutun da ke da hannu a cikin apoptosis, damuwa na oxidative da bambancin tantanin halitta. TGF-β1 yana ?arfafa maganganun FoxO1, kuma a cikin fibroblasts na zuciya, TGF-β1 yana rage FoxO1 phosphorylation, yana ?aruwa da ?wayar nukiliya ta FoxO1, yana ?ara yawan matakan furotin FoxO1, kuma yana inganta bambancin fibroblasts na zuciya a cikin fibroblasts na zuciya.

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Baicalin wani fili ne na halitta wanda aka samo daga busassun tushen sutellaria baicalensis. Baicalin yana hana fibrosis na zuciya da ke haifar da matsi ta hanyar daidaita hanyoyin siginar AMPK/TGF-β/Smads. Kyakkyawan sakamako na baicalin sun ha?a da ?a'idar fibrosis na zuciya a cikin vivo da in vitro ta kunna hanyar siginar AMPK/TGF-β/Smads. Baicalin kuma yana hana Smad3 da makaman nukiliya na Smad3 tare da ha?in gwiwar mai kunnawa p300, don haka yana hana ha?akar fibrosis mai tsaka-tsaki na angiotensin II.

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Epicatechin shine babban polyphenol na bioactive a cikin koren shayi kuma yana da ?arfi antioxidant. Epicatechin yana rage angiotensin II da matsananciyar matsananciyar matsananciyar hauhawar jini na zuciya. Epicatechin yana hana maganganun angiotensin II-induced c-Fos da c-Jun sunadaran, don haka hana ayyukan AP-1. Bugu da ?ari, epicatechin na iya hana ayyukan NF-κB ta hanyar toshe hanyoyin da ke dogara da ROS da p38 da JNK, da kuma hanawa na AP-1 kunnawa shine sakamakon epicatechin yana hana ci gaba da hauhawar jini na zuciya ta hanyar toshe EGFR transactivation da abubuwan da ke faruwa na ?asa ERK / PI3K / AKT / mTOR / mTOR / mTOR / mTOR / mTOR / mTOR / mTOR. peptide da nau'in sodium nau'in B Sake kunna peptides na fitsari da hana ci gaban hypertrophy na zuciya. Epicatechin kuma yana hana angiotensin II-induced ROS samarwa da NADPH oxidase magana, don haka ya hana hawan jini na zuciya da gyaran zuciya.

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Wannan bita ya ba da cikakken bayani game da yuwuwar samfuran halitta don rigakafi da maganin cututtukan zuciya. Yayin da yawan al'ummar duniya ke tsufa, cututtukan zuciya da ke da ala?a da tsufa suna zama babbar matsalar lafiyar jama'a. Ana amfani da samfuran halitta da yawa a cikin rigakafi da magance cututtuka daban-daban saboda mahimmancin inganci da aminci mai girma.

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Nazarin ya nuna cewa nau'ikan samfuran halitta irin su resveratrol, berberine, curcumin, lycopene, ginger, baicalein, epicatechin, ellagic acid, honokiol, poria, tanshinone IIA da marigonin E suna da hanyoyin aiwatar da aiki da yawa a cikin ha?aka autophagy, hana oxidative danniya da na kullum kumburi, hana apocardial inhibiting myosis, hana apocardiosis. raunin ischemia / reperfusion. Wadannan samfurori na halitta suna taka rawar kariya ta zuciya ta hanyar daidaita hanyoyin sigina iri-iri, kamar mTOR, AMPK, NF-κB, Nrf2, da dai sauransu.

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Bugu da ?ari, halayen abinci masu dacewa, irin su ?ara yawan 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari, matsakaicin cin koren shayi, da dai sauransu, na iya taimakawa wajen rage ha?arin cututtukan zuciya. Yawancin nazarin cututtukan cututtuka da gwaje-gwaje na asibiti sun goyi bayan wannan ra'ayi. Musamman mahadi na halitta irin su catechins a cikin koren shayi, lycopene a cikin tumatir, da gingerol a cikin ginger sun nuna tasirin kariya na zuciya da jijiyoyin jini.

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Koyaya, kodayake samfuran halitta suna ?aukar babban alkawari a fagen rigakafin cututtuka na zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, har yanzu akwai wasu ?alubale da iyakoki. Misali, bioavailability na wasu samfuran halitta yana da ?asa, ba a fahimci tsarin aikin ba, kuma ana bu?atar ?arin tabbatar da ingancin aikin asibiti. Bugu da ?ari, ana iya samun hul?ar tsakanin samfuran halitta daban-daban, kuma ingantawa na sashi da tsawon lokacin jiyya kuma yana bu?atar ?arin bincike.