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    D-mannose: Daga kyauta mai dadi na yanayi zuwa tafiya mai ban mamaki na samarwa

    2025-03-13

    2. Sugar sananne ne kuma batu mai rikitarwa a rayuwarmu ta yau da kullun. Daga sucrose na kowa, fructose zuwa D-mannose wanda ba a san shi ba, a yau, za mu yi magana game da ?ananan ma?alli amma mai yuwuwar tauraro - D-mannose.

      D-mannose na iya yin kama da sunan fili wanda ba a san shi ba, amma a zahiri hexose ne na halitta wanda ake samu a yanayi. Ba kamar sucrose da fructose ba, D-mannose yana zuwa cikin idon jama'a tare da za?i na musamman da fa'idodin kiwon lafiya da yawa. Za?insa shine kusan kashi 60% na sucrose, ?arancin aikin sukari ne mai ?arancin kalori, don neman abinci mai kyau ga mutanen zamani, babu shakka za?i ne mai kyau.

      D-mannose ba kawai dandano mai dadi ba ne, amma kuma ?imar aikace-aikacen sa yana da ban mamaki. A cikin filin abinci, ana iya amfani dashi azaman zaki mai ?arancin kalori don samar da abinci mai lafiya iri-iri; A lokaci guda, saboda da antioxidant, anti-mai kumburi da sauran kaddarorin, a matsayin moisturizer da anti-tsufa sinadaran da ake amfani da ko'ina a cikin kayan shafawa. A fannin likitanci, ya nuna yuwuwar ban mamaki, kuma binciken ya nuna cewa D-mannose na iya rage cututtukan hanji mai kumburi, magance cututtukan rheumatoid, hana kumburin iska mai asthmatic, har ma yana nuna sakamako mai kyau a cikin maganin ciwon daji da cututtukan glycosylation na haihuwa.

      A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, tare da saurin ha?akar fasahar halittu, hanyar nazarin halittu a hankali ta zama hanyar da ta fi dacewa ta samar da D-mannose. Wannan hanyar tana amfani da enzymes na halitta don ha?aka amsawa don canza wasu sukari (kamar D-fructose) zuwa D-mannose, wanda ke da fa'idodi na babban inganci, kariyar muhalli da ?arancin farashi.

      Daga cikin yawancin enzymes na halitta, D-mannose isomerase yana da fifiko saboda babban ?arfinsa. Koyaya, yawancin binciken farko sun yi amfani da Escherichia coli azaman sel chassis don samarwa, wanda ya inganta ingantaccen samarwa amma kuma ya kawo ha?arin aminci. Bayan haka, E. coli ba nau'in abinci ba ne, kuma sinadarai da yake samarwa suna haifar da ha?arin kamuwa da cutar endotoxin. Don magance wannan matsala, masana kimiyya sun fara nemo mafi aminci madadin iri. Daga ?arshe, sun za?i Bacillus subtilis a matsayin sabon tantanin halitta. Bacillus subtilis ya jawo hankali sosai saboda halayensa na marasa guba, marasa lahani, ingantaccen ?wayoyin cuta, ba sau?in zama ba kuma ba sau?in samar da juriya na ?wayoyi ba. Mafi mahimmanci, an san shi sosai a matsayin nau'in "Gaba?aya An Gane shi azaman Safe" (GRAS) wanda ya dace da bu?atun tsabtace abinci.
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      A cikin wannan binciken, ta hanyar kwatanta kaddarorin enzymatic na D-mannose isomerase daga ma?u??uka masu yawa, an za?i mafi kyawun tushen mannose isomerase a ?arshe kuma an bayyana heterologous a cikin Bacillus subtilis, kuma an sami nasarar gina nau'in recombinant B. subtilis 168/pMA5-EcMIaseA. D-mannose an ha?a shi ta hanyar catalysis duka tantanin halitta ta amfani da D-fructose azaman substrate. An ?ara ha?aka juzu'i da yawan amfanin ?asa na D-mannose ta hanyar ha?aka yanayin jujjuyawar, pH da maida hankali. Matsayin fermenter na 5 L yana ba da damar ingantaccen ha?in D-mannose tare da ?imar juzu'i fiye da 27% da yawan amfanin ?asa fiye da 160 g/L. Wannan nasarar ba wai kawai ta karya rikodin samarwa na baya ba, har ma ya ba da goyon bayan fasaha mai ?arfi don samar da masana'antu na D-mannose.
      E-mannose, wannan kyauta mai dadi daga yanayi, yana jan hankalin masana'antu daban-daban tare da fara'a na musamman da kuma damar da ba ta da iyaka. Tare da karuwar hankali ga ingantaccen abinci mai gina jiki da fasahar kere kere, hasashen kasuwa na D-mannose yana ?ara zama mai ban sha'awa. A nan gaba, muna da dalilin yin imani cewa D-mannose zai taka muhimmiyar rawa a wasu fannoni kuma ya zama muhimmiyar mahimmanci don inganta ci gaban masana'antar kiwon lafiya. Har ila yau, muna sa ran cewa masana kimiyya za su iya ci gaba da yin nazari mai zurfi game da biosynthesis da tsarin aikace-aikacen D-mannose, da kuma kawo mana ?arin abubuwan ban mamaki da ci gaba.