A shekarar 2024, ana sa ran girman kasuwar erythritol ta duniya zai zarce dalar Amurka biliyan 3, inda karfin samar da kayayyaki na kasar Sin ya kai sama da kashi 80% na jimilar duniya. Wannan abin za?i, wanda aka samo daga abinci na halitta kamar inabi da namomin kaza, yana sake fasalin ?a'idodin dandano mai da?i na masana'antar abinci tare da lakabin "calorie sifili, sifili na jini, da ru?ar ha?orin sifili" ta hanyar da za ta kawo cikas. Daga kwatsam shaharar dajin Yanki mai kyalkyali da ruwa zuwa ga busasshen gasa ba tare da sukari ba, hauhawar erythritol ba wai juyin juya halin fasaha ba ne kawai, har ma yana nuna sha'awar masu amfani da abinci biyu na lafiya da dandano. Koyaya, lokacin da masana kimiyya suka gabatar da sabbin tambayoyi game da amincinsa, wannan “juyin juya hali mai da?i” shima ya fara fuskantar bincike na hankali.

Youdaoplaceholder0 I. The "Sweet Magic" na yanayi: Lambobin nazarin halittu na erythritol

Youdaoplaceholder0 1.1 Abubuwan ban mamaki na yanayi

Erythritol barasa ce ta tetracarbon da ake samu a cikin inabi, pears, kankana da namomin kaza. Kodayake abun ciki na halitta shine kawai 0.5% -1.5%, tsarinsa na musamman na kwayoyin halitta (C?H??O?) yana ba shi abubuwan da ba a saba gani ba:

Youdaoplaceholder0 Mu'ujiza Metabolic : Kimanin kashi 90% ana shayarwa kai tsaye ta cikin ?ananan hanji ba tare da narkewar enzymatic ba kuma ana fitar da shi cikin fitsari cikin awanni 24;

Youdaoplaceholder0 Juyin juya halin zafi: 0.24 kilocalories a kowace gram (0 kilocalories kamar yadda Tarayyar Turai ta ayyana), wanda shine 1/10 na xylitol;

Youdaoplaceholder0 Ma'aunin ?an?ano : 70% ya fi sucrose da?i, tare da ?an?ano mai da?i kuma babu ?an?ano, ya bambanta da kayan zaki na wucin gadi.

Youdaoplaceholder0 1.2 Daga Lab zuwa Layi: Tsalle uku a cikin fasahar Fermentation ?

Samar da masana'antu na erythritol tarihin juyin halitta ne na injiniyan microbial:

Youdaoplaceholder0 Fasaha na ?arni na farko (1990s) : Ha?in yanayi yana dogaro da yisti na daji, yana samar da ?asa da kashi 30%, farashin da ya kai $30,000 kowace ton;

Youdaoplaceholder0 Fasaha na ?arni na biyu (2010s) : Fasahar gyaran halittu don ha?aka nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'in Candida lipolysis don ha?aka ha?akar samar da sukari da kashi 40% kuma rage farashi zuwa $12,000 kowace ton;

Youdaoplaceholder0 Fasaha na ?arni na uku (2020s) : Ci gaba da aiwatar da fermentation tare da fasahar rabuwa da yumbu don cimma ?arfin samarwa na shekara-shekara na ton 100,000, farashin sama da dalar Amurka 8,000.

Kamfanonin kasar Sin sun dauki matsayi na kan gaba a fannin fasahohin zamani - Baolingbao Biology ya fara aikin fasahar "enzyme immobile ci gaba da haifuwa", yayin da Sanyuan Biology ya gina cibiyar samar da sinadarin erythritol mafi girma a duniya, tare da yawan samar da tan 120,000 a shekara a shekarar 2023. kayayyakin wucin gadi a karon farko.

Youdaoplaceholder0 2. Direba na tattalin arzikin sifili-kalori: Kasuwancin Wave na erythritol

Youdaoplaceholder0 2.1 Ya?in don Kashe Matsala a cikin kasuwar maye gurbin sukari ?

A fagen fama na abubuwan sha ba tare da sukari ba, erythritol ya rushe wuri mai fa?i tare da manyan fa'idodi guda uku:

Youdaoplaceholder0 Alamar Halitta : Ba kamar hanyar ha?in sinadarai na sucralose ba, tsarin ha?akar ?wayoyin cuta na ?wayoyin cuta ya dace da yanayin alamun tsabta;

Youdaoplaceholder0 Ku ?an?ani kusanci : Yana iya cimma kashi 80% na za?i na sucrose idan aka yi amfani da shi ka?ai ba tare da ha?a??un hadaddun ba;

Youdaoplaceholder0 Fadada aikin aiki : Ha?e tare da prebiotics da fiber na abinci, yana iya ha?aka samfuran duka masu da?i kuma suna da fa'idodin kiwon lafiya.

Bayanai sun nuna cewa, a shekarar 2023, yawan sinadarin erythritol na kasar Sin ya karu da kashi 58 cikin 100 a duk shekara, inda kamfanonin sha suka ba da gudummawar kashi 72% na karuwar. Yuanqispring ya fara aikin samar da ruwa mai kalori sifili tare da ke?antaccen tsarinsa na "erythritol + sodium bicarbonate", kuma tallace-tallacensa ya zarce yuan biliyan 7 a shekarar 2022.

Youdaoplaceholder0 2.2 Daga Shaye-shaye Zuwa Gasa: Manyan nasarori uku a cikin Juyin Juyin Halitta

Youdaoplaceholder0 Juyin Juya Halin Ruwa: Erythritol yana ha?awa da carbon dioxide don ?ir?irar "tasiri mai da?i" na musamman wanda ke magance matsalar jinkirin za?i a cikin abubuwan sha;

Youdaoplaceholder0 Baking-free Sugar: Ta hanyar ha?awa da xanthan danko da danko arabiname, Sachima mara sukari na Liangpinpuzi ya shawo kan matsalar laushin kuki da ke haifar da ?a??arfan kayan maye na sukari. Samfurin ya sayar da kwalaye sama da miliyan a cikin watanni uku tun lokacin da aka ?addamar da shi.

Youdaoplaceholder0 Abinci mai aiki ? : A fagen abinci na musamman don ciwon sukari, erythritol, lokacin da aka ha?a shi da dextrin mai juriya, yana kwaikwayi nau'in sucrose mai ?an?ano kuma ya zama babban sinadari a cikin porridge takwas maras sukari da ?ananan GI mooncakes.

Mai ri?e wurin zama0 III. Rigimar Tsaro: Binciken Kimiyya a ?ar?ashin Halo?

Youdaoplaceholder0 3.1 Hadarin gajimare na zuciya

A cikin Fabrairu 2023, wani binciken da aka buga a cikin mujallar Nature Medicine ya haifar da tashin hankali: yawan erythritol a cikin jini yana da ala?a da ha?arin thrombosis. Wannan lura da marasa lafiya 4,000 da ke fama da cututtukan zuciya ya gano cewa a cikin rukunin gwaji da ke cinye gram 30 na erythritol kowace rana, ha?arin bugun zuciya ya karu da sau 1.8. Koyaya, masana'antar ta yi tambaya sosai game da wannan ?arshe - batutuwan da kansu suna da cututtukan da ke da ala?a, kuma abin da ake amfani da shi ya zarce matakin amfani da yau da kullun (?arin adadin kowace kwalban abin sha na yau da kullun shine kusan gram 5).

Youdaoplaceholder0 3.2 Muhawara kan jurewar hanji

Kodayake erythritol yana da mafi kyawun ha?uri fiye da sauran barasa masu sukari (kamar maltitol da sorbitol), ci guda ?aya na fiye da gram 50 na iya haifar da kumburin ciki da gudawa. Wannan "tasirin FODMAP" yana haifar da rashin cikawarsa a cikin ?ananan hanji, tare da ?angaren da ba a sha ba yana yin fermenting da samar da iskar gas a cikin hanji. Koyaya, manyan masana'antun abinci sun rage ha?ari ta hanyar sarrafa sashi (yawanci iyakance ?arin adadin kowace hidima zuwa tsakanin gram 15) da dabarun ha?awa (kamar ha?e tare da stevioside).

Youdaoplaceholder0 3.3 Sautin da hukumomi suka saita

Da yake fuskantar takaddamar, hukumar gudanarwar ta kasance da kyakkyawan fata:

Youdaoplaceholder0 Hukumar Kare Abinci ta Turai (EFSA) : A cikin Yuli 2023, ta sake tabbatar da cewa shaidar da ke akwai ba ta goyi bayan ala?ar da ke tsakanin eryitol da cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini ba kuma ta kiyaye amintaccen ci na gram 1.6 a kowace kilogram na nauyin jiki kowace rana;

Youdaoplaceholder0 FDA? : Ya ci gaba da jera shi azaman GRAS (Gane Gane Gaba?aya azaman Safe) abu, yana barin amfani dashi a cikin abubuwan sha, samfuran kiwo, da sauransu.

Youdaoplaceholder0 Hukumar lafiya ta kasar Sin ta bayyana cewa ya kamata a yi amfani da erythritol "kamar yadda ake bukata da kuma adadin da ya dace" a cikin ka'idojin kiyaye abinci na kasa.

Mai ri?e da wuri0 IV. Filin Ya?i na gaba: Juyin Juyin Halitta na Dorewa da Aiki

Youdaoplaceholder0 4.1 Nasarar fasaha don samar da kore

Fuskantar shakku game da muhalli game da "amfani da hatsi don samar da maye gurbin sukari", masana'antar tana ha?aka sabbin fasahohi:

Youdaoplaceholder0 Non-grain albarkatun kasa : Yin amfani da bambaro cellulose hydrolyzed bayani don maye gurbin masara sitaci, Shandong Futian Pharmaceutical ya gina wani 10,000-ton nuni line samar;

Youdaoplaceholder0 Tsarin sake yin amfani da shi: An gano Erythritol daga ruwan sharar hadi ta hanyar membranes na nanofiltration, tare da farfadowar farfadowa daga 70% zuwa 95%;

Youdaoplaceholder0 Zero Carbon Shuka : Baolingbao Biotech ya ba da sanarwar samar da wutar lantarki 100% koren wutar lantarki nan da 2025, yana rage sawun carbon da kashi 40%.

Youdaoplaceholder0 4.2 Manyan Hanyoyi uku na sabbin ayyuka

Youdaoplaceholder0 Daidaitaccen Abincin Abinci: Dorewa-saki erythritol granules da aka ha?aka don masu ciwon sukari don hana hawan jini;

Youdaoplaceholder0 Abincin Hali : Ha?e da gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) don ?ir?irar "mai rage damuwa";

Youdaoplaceholder0 Tattalin Arzikin Dabbobi: Magance matsalar cin abinci ga karnuka da kuliyoyi masu ciwon sukari, ana sa ran girman kasuwar samfurin da ke da ala?a zai wuce dalar Amurka miliyan 500 a cikin 2024.

Youdaoplaceholder0 4.3 Sabbin ?alubalen ?a'ida da ?a'a

Youdaoplaceholder0 Label ma'anar ya?i : EU ta bu?aci kada a sanya wa fermented erythritol lakabin "mai zaki na halitta" yana haifar da zanga-zangar masana'antu;

Youdaoplaceholder0 Wasan haraji maye gurbin Sugar : Burtaniya na shirin sanya harajin lafiya a kan abubuwan sha da ke dauke da erythritol, wanda zai iya haifar da sarkakiya na manufofin duniya;

Youdaoplaceholder0 Iyakokin Kasuwanci : Hukumar Kula da Kasuwar Kasuwa ta kasar Sin ta dakatar da farfagandar cikakkiyar farfaganda kamar "lafiya" da "babu wani illa", kuma yana bukatar nuna juriya.

Youdaoplaceholder0 Kammalawa: Komawar hankali na juyin juya hali mai dadi

Yun?urin da jayayya na erythritol suna nuna ru?i mai zurfi a cikin masana'antar abinci - masu amfani suna da?e don kawar da barazanar lafiyar sukari, duk da haka yana da wahala su daina jin da?in ?an?anonsu. Kamar yadda fasaha ta ba mu ikon sake gina za?i, watakila ana bu?atar sabon ?abi'ar mabukaci: maimakon cikakkiyar "aminci" a matsayin gimmick, yana neman daidaituwa tsakanin sarrafa kashi, ha?aka tsari da za?in da aka sani. Bayan haka, juyin juya halin kiwon lafiya na gaskiya ba shine maye gurbin baki-da-fari ba, sai dai juyin halitta na ma'anar kimiyya da hikimar mabukaci.