Mannose monosaccharide ne, mai narkewa cikin ruwa, mai narkewa a cikin ethanol kadan. Foda mara launi ko fari crystalline. Yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin metabolism na mutum, musamman a cikin tsarin glycosylation na takamaiman sunadaran. Yana da wahala jikin mutum ya sha mannose, kuma jikin mutum zai fitar da shi nan ba da jimawa ba bayan an sha shi, musamman ta hanyar metabolism na koda, kuma yanayin yanayin rayuwa gaba daya ya kai kimanin awa takwas. Shan mannose baya haifar da hawan jini, don haka nau'in sikari ne da wasu masu ciwon suga ke iya ci. A dabi'a, mannose yana wanzuwa a cikin 'yanci a cikin wasu 'ya'yan itatuwa, kamar cranberries, apples, lemu, da dai sauransu. A cikin jikin mutum, mannose yana rarraba a cikin dukkanin kyallen takarda da jini, ciki har da fata, gabobin jiki da jijiyoyi. A cikin wa?annan kyallen takarda, mannose yana shiga cikin ha?in glycoproteins wa?anda ke daidaita aikin tsarin autoimmune. Binciken da aka yi a asibiti a baya ya nuna cewa manno na iya yin magani da kuma hana kamuwa da cutar yoyon fitsari, don haka ana amfani da wasu kayayyakin kiwon lafiya na kasashen waje tare da mannose a matsayin babban bangaren kula da lafiyar tsarin yoyon. Mannitol barasa ne na sukari, yawanci ana rage shi daga sukari (mannose), isomers ne na sorbitol, mai narkewa cikin ruwa, farin crystalline foda, yana da ?an?ano mai da?i kama da sucrose. Ana iya amfani da Mannitol ba kawai a matsayin wakili mai kyau na kwarangwal ba, har ma a matsayin mai kare furotin na lyophilized a wasu takardun magani. Tasirin kariya na mannitol akan furotin yana da ala?a da ?addamarwa da tsarin halittar jiki, kuma ?addamarwarsa wani lokaci yana da ala?a da ilimin halittar ?an adam. An yi imani da cewa amorphous mannitol yana da aikin daidaita furotin yayin da mannitol crystallized ya rasa aikin kariya. Yawan Mannitol na 1% ko ?asa da haka yana hana ha?akar magungunan sunadaran ta hanyar samar da sifofi na amorphous, amma babban adadin mannitol yakan yi crystallize da ha?aka ha?akar magungunan furotin. Ga yawancin sunadaran, adanawa a 4 ° C na ?an gajeren lokaci ne kawai (kimanin mako 1) bayan sake dakatarwa. Don ajiya na dogon lokaci, ana ba da shawarar shirya abubuwan diluents (wanda dole ne ya ?unshi sunadarai masu ?aukar kaya, kamar 0.1% BSA, 5% HSA, ko 10% FBS) sannan fakitin daskararre a -20 ℃ ko -80 ℃. Yana da mahimmanci a guji maimaita daskarewa da narkewa, saboda kowane daskarewa da narkewa zai haifar da rashin kunna furotin. Trehalose da mannitol yawanci ana ?ara su tare da 8% (jama'a ta girma) azaman masu kare lyophilized. Trehalose na iya a fili hana tsarin canji na biyu na furotin da kuma shimfi?awa da tara furotin yayin lyophilization. Mannitol kuma shine kariyar lyophilized da ake amfani dashi da yawa da kuma filler wanda zai iya rage tarin wasu sunadaran bayan lyophilization. Mai cikawa zai iya samar da tsarin da ya dace don busasshiyar cake ?in, yana ba da gudummawa ga siffar da ta dace na toshe busasshen biredi, kuma ya samar da tsarin pore. Porosity shine abin da ake bu?ata don sublimation na ruwa mai daskarewa, kuma manyan pores na iya jujjuyawa cikin sauri, don haka ana iya rage lokacin bushewa na farko. Bugu da ?ari na fillers yana ba da ?an gajeren lokacin bushewa na farko (samfurin zazzabi Tp?Tg' ko Tc) kuma ana iya amfani dashi azaman hanya don inganta tsarin lyophilization na biopharmaceutical. Yawancin lokaci rabo daga stabilizer zuwa filler ya kamata ya zama a?alla 1: 2 don samar da mahimmancin crystallization na filler. Sakamakon lattice yana ba da tallafin injiniya don abubuwan da ke cikin yanayin amorphous. Sama da Tg', yanayin amorphous da aka kafa ta tsarin shirye-shiryen bai da ?arfi don tallafawa nauyin kansa kuma zai ruguje kan hanyar sadarwar crystal. Godiya ga tallafin injiniyoyi, ana iya hana rushewa duk da bushewar yanayin zafi sama da Tg' (ko ma Tc). A cikin ?ididdiga tare da ?ididdigar furotin