Hanyar biosynthesis na amino acid ba wai kawai yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin ayyukan rayuwa ba, har ma yana ha?aka ha?akar samar da amino acid mai inganci kuma mai dacewa da muhalli da ilimin halitta na roba a cikin fermentation na masana'antu. Sunadaran sune tushen rayuwa, kuma suna taka rawa iri-iri a cikin sel, tun daga tsarin tallafi zuwa ha?aka halayen sinadarai. Duk sunadaran sun ?unshi amino acid daban-daban guda 20 wa?anda ake samarwa a cikin sel ta hanyar hadaddun hanyoyin biosynthesis. Gano amino acid guda 20 ya shafe kusan karni guda, wanda ya fara da warewa glycine na farko da masanin kimiyar Faransa H. Braconnot ya yi a shekara ta 1820, kuma ya kare da gano threonine da W. Rose ya yi a shekara ta 1935. Gano wadannan amino acid din ya shafi masana kimiyya da yawa wadanda aikinsu ba wai kawai ya bayyana tsari da kaddarorin amino acid daga baya ba. bincike. Biosynthesis na amino acid shine babban abun ciki na ?wayoyin ?wayoyin cuta metabolism. Wannan labarin zai ?auke ku ta hanyar yadda wa?annan amino acid ?in suke ha?e su daga ?ananan ?wayoyin cuta da kuma yadda aka rarraba su. Biosynthesis na duk amino acid an ha?e su ta hanyar reshe ta hanyar amfani da tsaka-tsakin hanyoyin rayuwa na tsakiya azaman mafari. Dangane da nau'in farkon farawa, ana iya raba biosynthesis na amino acid zuwa ?ungiyoyi 5: ?ungiyoyin Glutamate, gami da glutamate (Glu), glutamine (Gln), proline (Pro) da arginine (Arg). Ha?in wa?annan amino acid yana farawa da glutamate, ma?alli mai mahimmanci a cikin tsakiyar hanyar rayuwa. Iyalin aspartate sun ha?a da aspartate (Asp), aspartamide (Asn), lysine (Lys), threonine (Thr), methionine (Met), da isoleucine (Ile). Ha?in amino acid na wannan iyali yana farawa da aspartic acid, wanda kuma shine samfurin hanyoyin hanyoyin rayuwa na tsakiya. Iyalin amino acid masu kamshi, gami da phenylalanine (Phe), tyrosine (Tyr), da tryptophan (Trp). Ha?in wa?annan amino acid yana farawa da erythrosis-4-phosphate (E4P) da phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), kwayoyin halitta guda biyu wa?anda suma masu mahimmanci ne a cikin hanyoyin rayuwa. Iyalin serine sun ha?a da serine (Ser), glycine (Gly), da cysteine ??(Cys). Ha?in amino acid na wannan iyali yana farawa da serine, wanda shine tushen rassan hanyoyin biosynthetic da yawa. ?ungiyar alanine ta ha?a da alanine (Ala), valine (Val) da leucine (Leu). Ko da yake wa?annan amino acid ?in suna cikin iyalai daban-daban, suna da irin wannan halayen yayin ha?uwa, kuma wa?annan halayen yawanci suna ha?aka ta hanyar aji iri ?aya na enzymes.

Isoleucine, valine, da leucine, ko da yake na cikin iyalai daban-daban, suna da irin wannan halayen da enzyme iri ?aya ke haifar da su. Juya serine zuwa cysteine ??shine babban matakin rage assimilative sulfate. Biosynthesis na rukunin amino acid aromatic an ?addamar da shi ta erythrosis-4-P da PEP. Halin biosynthesis na histidine na musamman ne, kuma firam ?in sa na carbon an samo shi daga phosphoribose pyrophosphate (PRPP). Ana amfani da C guda biyu a cikin ribose na PRPP don gina zoben imidazole mai memba 5, sauran kuma ana amfani da su don ?ir?irar sarkar gefen 3C. Biosynthesis na amino acid yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin fermentation na masana'antu. Ba wai kawai mahimman abubuwan ha?aka ?ananan ?wayoyin cuta ba ne da ayyukan rayuwa ba, har ma da mahimman albarkatun ?asa don yawancin samfuran fermented. Samar da amino acid ta ?ananan ?wayoyin cuta na iya samun ingantacciyar samarwa da ?arancin farashi yayin rage gur?atar muhalli, wanda ke da mahimmanci ga abinci, ciyarwa, magani da sauran masana'antu.

Bugu da kari, biosynthesis na amino acid ya inganta ci gaban ilmin halitta na roba da injiniya na rayuwa, yana ba da damar samar da takamaiman amino acid da abubuwan da suka samo asali ta kwayoyin halitta. Wannan ba kawai inganta samar da yadda ya dace ba, amma kuma yana ba da dandamali don ha?aka sabbin samfuran fasahar kere kere da kuma ?ara ha?aka aikace-aikacen kewayon fermentation na masana'antu.