Dukanmu mun san cewa damuwa na dogon lokaci zai iya haifar da jerin matsalolin lafiya na jiki da tunani, irin su damuwa, damuwa da sauran motsin rai, da kuma matsalolin ci, rashin nauyi da sauran matsalolin rayuwa. Mutane da yawa a cikin fuskantar damuwa, za su nuna cin abinci na motsa jiki (cin abinci na motsa jiki), wato, ta hanyar cin abinci mai yawa don kawar da mummunan motsin zuciyar da damuwa ya haifar. Yawan cin abinci na motsin rai yana tare da yawan adadin kuzari, wanda yana ?aya daga cikin abubuwan ha?ari ga kiba. To, menene hanyar da damuwa ke haifar da rashin abinci? Menene ala?ar da ke tsakanin metabolism na tryptophan da cin abinci mai ?aci? Don magance wa?annan matsalolin, masu bincike sun gudanar da bincike dalla-dalla.

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Tryptophan yana daya daga cikin muhimman amino acid a cikin jikin mutum kuma mafarin na'ura mai kwakwalwa 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HT, kuma aka sani da serotonin) a cikin kwakwalwa. Wani adadi mai yawa na bincike ya nuna cewa rikice-rikicen metabolism na tryptophan yana da ala?a da ala?a da cututtukan hauka iri-iri, kamar ba?in ciki, damuwa, schizophrenia da sauransu. A lokaci guda, tryptophan da metabolite 5-HT suma suna da hannu a cikin ?a'idodin ci da ma'aunin kuzari. Don haka, a ?ar?ashin yanayin damuwa na yau da kullun, shin tryptophan metabolism yana canzawa? Shin wannan canjin yana da ala?a da halayen cin abinci mara kyau wanda ke haifar da damuwa? Tare da wa?annan tambayoyin a zuciya, masu binciken sun gudanar da gwaje-gwaje dalla-dalla.

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Na farko, masu binciken sun yi amfani da beraye don ha?aka samfurin cin abinci na motsa jiki na yau da kullun (CMS). Sun sanya berayen ga wasu matsuguni iri-iri marasa fa'ida, kamar damuwa na kullewa, girgiza keji, da wankan ruwan sanyi, na tsawon kwanaki 21 a jere don kwaikwayi masu dagewa, matsaloli daban-daban a rayuwa ta gaske. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa bayan kwanaki 21 na damuwa na yau da kullum, mice sun nuna matukar damuwa da halin damuwa. A cikin gwajin filin bu?ewa (OFT), lokacin ?ugiya na CMS da ke zama a tsakiyar filin bude ya ragu sosai, yana nuna cewa matakin damuwarsu ya ?aru. A cikin gwajin rataye wutsiya (TST), lokacin gwagwarmaya na beraye a cikin rukunin CMS ya ragu sosai, yana nuna ?arin rashin bege. A lokaci guda, cin abinci na berayen a cikin rukunin CMS ya karu sosai, amma nauyin ya ragu sosai, yana nuna cewa sha'awar su da metabolism sun damu.

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Daga baya, masu binciken sun yi wani bincike na metabolomic da aka yi niyya na hanyar rayuwa ta tryptophan a cikin maganin linzamin kwamfuta. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa abun ciki na tryptophan na ?wayar cuta na ?ungiyar CMS ya ragu sosai, yayin da ?ananan ?wayoyin 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) da abubuwan da ke cikin kynurenine suka karu sosai. ?arin bincike ya nuna cewa maganganun mRNA na tph1, wani mahimmin enzyme a cikin ha?in 5-hydroxytryptamine, an tsara shi sosai a cikin ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar ?wayar cuta a cikin ?ungiyar CMS, kuma abun ciki na 5-HT a cikin hanji shima ya nuna yanayin ?asa. Wannan yana nuna cewa damuwa na yau da kullun yana rushe homeostasis na hanyar rayuwa ta hanyar tryptophane-5-HT a cikin sashin hanji na berayen, yana haifar da rashin daidaituwa na matakan 5-HT na gefe.

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Ko da yake tryptophan ba zai iya wuce shingen kwakwalwar jini kai tsaye ba, metabolite 5-HT yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a matsayin neurotransmitter a cikin tsarin juyayi na tsakiya kuma yana da hannu wajen daidaita yawancin hanyoyin ilimin lissafi kamar yanayi, fahimta da cin abinci. Masu binciken sun kara nazarin canje-canje a cikin maganganun neuropeptides da yawa da masu kar?a na 5-HT da ke cikin tsarin ci abinci a cikin hypothalamus. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa danniya na yau da kullum yana da matukar mahimmanci wajen inganta yanayin ci gaba da ha?aka neuropeptides kamar AgRP da OX1R, yayin da aka rushe maganganun abubuwan da ke hana ci abinci kamar LEPR, MC4R da 5-HT1B. Wannan yana nuna cewa rikicewar hanyar tryptophane-5-HT na iya haifar da rashin abinci mara kyau ta hanyar shafar da'irar jijiyoyin hypothalamic.

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Don haka, za a iya ?arawa tare da tryptophan sau?a?a yanayin damuwa na yau da kullun da rashin halayen cin abinci? An ba da allurai biyu na tryptophan (100mg/kg da 300mg/kg) ga berayen CMS ta hanyar yau da kullun na kwanaki 21. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa bayan kwanaki 21 na shiga tsakani tare da babban adadin tryptophan (300mg/kg), damuwa da damuwa-kamar hali na mice a cikin gwajin filin budewa da gwajin dakatar da wutsiya ya inganta sosai, kuma an daidaita yawan cin abinci da rashin nauyi. ?arin karatu ya nuna cewa babban matakan da ake amfani da shi na tryptophan na iya hana ha?akar ha?akar abubuwan da ke inganta ci kamar AgRP da OX1R a cikin hypothalamus da ke haifar da damuwa na yau da kullum, yayin da yake mayar da maganganun abubuwan da ke hana ci abinci irin su LEPR, MC4R, 5-HT1B da 5-HT2C. Yana da kyau a lura cewa ko da yake ?ananan ?wayar tryptophan (100mg/kg) ?ungiyar ba ta nuna gagarumin ci gaba a cikin alamomin hali ba, akwai yanayin sauye-sauye a cikin maganganun kwayoyin cutar da ke da alaka da cin abinci na hypothalamic a matakin kwayoyin.

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?arin nazarin tsarin kwayoyin halitta ya nuna cewa 5-HT, ta hanyar ?aure 5-HT1B da 5-HT2C masu kar?a a kan hypothalamic POMC, AgRP da sauran ?ananan ?wayoyin cuta, suna hana AgRP / NPY neurons wanda ke inganta ci abinci, yana kunna POMC neurons wanda ke hana ci abinci da inganta cin abinci mai nauyi, sa'an nan kuma kunna rawar jiki. Wannan yana ba da goyon bayan tsarin kwayoyin mahimmanci don ha?aka ciyarwar motsin rai ta hanyar tryptophan-5-HT.

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Masu binciken sun kuma yi amfani da layin hypothalamic neuron cell GT1-7 don ?ara tabbatar da tasirin 5-HT akan neuropeptides masu ala?a da ci. Sun bi da kwayoyin GT1-7 tare da 10μM na corticosterone (CORT) na tsawon sa'o'i 24 don daidaita yanayin damuwa na yau da kullum. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa bayyanar cututtukan da ke inganta ci irin su AgRP da OX1R an inganta su sosai ta hanyar jiyya ta CORT, yayin da furcin da ke hana kwayoyin halitta irin su MC4R, 5-HT1B da 5-HT2C ya ragu. Bayan pretreatment tare da 0.1μM 5-HT na 2 hours, za a iya mayar da ma'anar mara kyau na CORt-induced AgRP da sauran kwayoyin halitta, kuma za a iya dawo da bayanin MC4R, 5-HT1B da 5-HT2C. Wannan ya kara tabbatar da tasirin kayyade kai tsaye na 5-HT akan ?ananan ?wayoyin cuta na hypothalamic.

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Takaitaccen bayani:

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Sakamakon damuwa na yau da kullum akan tryptophan metabolism homeostasis a cikin mice: damuwa na yau da kullum ya haifar da matakan tryptophan na jini don ragewa (P

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Tasirin tryptophan akan sha'awar ci da halin damuwa-kamar halayen da ke haifar da damuwa na yau da kullun: Babban adadin tryptophan supplementation ya dawo da halayen cin abinci mara kyau da asarar nauyi wanda ke haifar da damuwa na yau da kullun (P

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Hanyoyin da ake amfani da su na tryptophan a kan kwayoyin ciyar da abinci na hypothalamic da masu kula da abinci a cikin ?ananan ?ananan ?wayoyin cuta: Immunohistochemical staining ya nuna cewa bayyanar c-fos da AgRP a yankin ARC na hypothalamus a cikin ?ungiyar damuwa na yau da kullum ya karu sosai, yayin da bayyanar LEPR ta ragu sosai (P

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Sakamakon tryptophan akan hanyar 5-HT na rayuwa a cikin hypothalamus na mice na damuwa na yau da kullun: Serum tryptophan da matakan 5-HT sun karu sosai bayan an ?ara ?arin tryptophan (P

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Gaba?aya, wannan binciken ya bayyana cewa damuwa na yau da kullun yana haifar da rugujewar hanyar sadarwa ta tsarin abinci ta hypothalamic ta hanyar tarwatsa hanyar rayuwa ta tryptophane-5-HT, wanda hakan ke haifar da cin nama. ?arawa na exogenous tryptophan, musamman a cikin manyan allurai (300mg / kg), yana mayar da matakan 5-HT na tsakiya, yana kunna hypothalamic 5-HT1B da 5-HT2C masu kar?a, yana hana AgRP / NPY neurons, kunna POMC neurons, da kuma inganta cin abinci mai alaka da rashin tausayi da rashin tausayi.

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Wannan sakamakon bincike yana da mahimmancin aiki mai mahimmanci. A cikin rayuwar yau da kullun da sauri, rayuwa mai cike da damuwa, mutane da yawa suna fuskantar matsalolin motsin rai da damuwa da rashin nauyi. Nazarin ya nuna cewa damuwa na dogon lokaci yana haifar da raguwar matakin tryptophan na jiki, 5-hydroxytryptamine kirar ragewa, sannan kuma yana haifar da jerin cututtukan neuroendocrine, wanda ke haifar da damuwa, damuwa da sauran motsin rai, da hauhawar jini, kiba da sauran matsalolin rayuwa. Wannan binciken ya bayyana tsakiyar rawar tryptophan da metabolite 5-hydroxytryptophan a cikin tsarin tsarin damuwa-ji-ji-ci, yana ba da sababbin ra'ayoyi da hanyoyin magance damuwa da inganta yanayin yanayi da rashin nauyi.

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Dangane da binciken, masu binciken suna ba da wasu shawarwarin abinci don taimakawa mutane su jimre da damuwa. Da farko, dacewar kari na abinci mai arziki a cikin abinci na yau da kullun, irin su qwai, cuku, kwayoyi, ayaba, hatsi, da dai sauransu, na iya taimakawa inganta matakin tryptophan a cikin jiki, ha?aka ha?akar 5-hydroxytryptophan, ta haka inganta yanayin tunanin da hana cin abinci na damuwa. Koyaya, ya kamata a lura cewa tryptophan a cikin abinci ba a sha 100% kuma ana amfani dashi. A lokaci guda, dogon lokaci babban adadin kari na tryptophan (kamar fiye da 500mg/kg) na iya haifar da lalacewar koda. Don haka, a cikin ma'aunin abinci na yau da kullun, matsakaicin kari na tryptophan na iya zama, kar a ba da shawarar yin amfani da kari na tryptophan da yawa.

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Bugu da kari, matsakaicin motsa jiki irin su jogging, iyo, yoga, da sauransu, na iya taimakawa wajen ha?aka matakin tryptophan da ha?in gwiwar serotonin a cikin jiki, rage damuwa da ha?aka yanayi. Samun isasshen barci, ha?aka ?abi'a mai kyau da kyakkyawan fata, da koyan bayyana motsin rai a hankali duk hanyoyin da suka dace don jure damuwa. Lokacin fuskantar matsalolin tunani mai tsanani kamar damuwa da damuwa, ya zama dole a nemi ?wararrun jiyya na tunani a cikin lokaci.

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A ?arshe, wannan binciken ya bayyana tsarin cin abinci na motsa jiki wanda ke haifar da damuwa na yau da kullum daga hangen nesa na tryptophan metabolism, kuma yana ba da sabon hangen nesa don kawar da damuwa, inganta yanayin yanayi da rashin nauyi. Kodayake ana bu?atar ?arin nazarin yawan jama'a don ha?aka ?ima da tsawon lokacin cin abinci na tryptophan a cikin abinci, sakamakon wannan binciken ya ba mu sabbin dabaru don ha?aka lafiyar jiki da ta hankali ta hanyar tsarin abinci. Mun yi imanin cewa ta hanyar daidaita abinci mai gina jiki, matsakaicin motsa jiki, barci mai kyau da kuma juriya mai kyau, za mu iya fuskantar matsi na rayuwa cikin nutsuwa kuma mu rungumi kyakkyawar makoma.