Citicoline (cytidine 5-diphosphate choline, CDP-choline) yana da mahimmanci don samar da phospholipids kamar phosphatidylcholine. Wadannan kwayoyin suna gina membranes tantanin halitta da suturar jijiyoyi masu kariya a cikin jiki [1]. Citicoline shine mafi hadaddun kwayoyin halitta fiye da choline na yau da kullum, ko ma alpha-GPC, amma abu ?aya ne wanda aka halitta a cikin kwakwalwa. Don guje wa rudani, masana kimiyya sun yanke shawarar kiran shi "citicoline" lokacin da ake amfani da shi azaman magani da "CDP-choline" lokacin da aka samar a jiki [2]. Da zarar an sha shi, yana sakin mahadi guda biyu: cytidine da choline. Bayan sun haye shingen jini-kwakwalwa, ?wayoyin cuta a cikin kwakwalwa suna amfani da su don yin citicoline da sauran phospholipids [3]. Choline yana ha?aka acetylcholine da sauran ?wayoyin cuta don kiyaye tsarin juyayi yana gudana lafiya. Jiki yana jujjuya citicoline zuwa wasu mahadi masu fa'ida da yawa. Saboda haka, citicoline na iya samun ?arin fa'idodi da ?arancin illa fiye da choline na yau da kullun [4,5,3].

Yadda yake aiki

Citicoline yana ?aruwa da samar da ?wayoyin cuta da ?wayoyin cuta. Baya ga acetylcholine, yana ha?aka norepinephrine da dopamine a cikin kwakwalwa [4,6]. Yana iya ha?aka kwararar jini na kwakwalwa kuma yana motsa mitochondria don samar da ?arin kuzari [4,5,2]. Matsakaicin matakan CDP choline suna kare phosphatidylcholine da sphingomyelin, wa?anda ke gina ?wayar jijiya mai karewa da ake kira myelin. Citicoline kuma yana hana enzyme phospholipase A2 mai kumburi kuma yana ha?aka babban glutathione antioxidant [7,8]. A ta?aice, ayyukan citicoline ta hanyar daidaita ma'auni na neurotransmitters da kuma kare tsarin jin tsoro daga oxidation da lalacewar shekaru [9,10,1].

Tushen abinci

Jiki yana ha?a citicoline daga cytidine da choline. Hanya mafi kyau don ha?aka matakan citicoline ta hanyar abinci shine cinye isassun hanyoyin abinci wa?anda ke ba da duka biyun. Abincin da ke da Choline sun ha?a da [11,12] : Naman gabobin jiki (hanta) ?wai kifi kifi Dukan hatsi Cytidine shine RNA nucleoside mafi yawan nama (musamman naman gabobin jiki); Hakanan ana samunsa a cikin colostrum [13,14]. Citicoline kari (Cognizin, Somazina) wata yuwuwar tushen ?arin choline, ban da: choline alpha-GPC phosphatidylcholine lecithin.

Amfanin lafiyar citicoline na iya zama mai inganci

1) Ha?aka fahimta

Fahimtar fahimi da ke da ala?a da shekaru ?wararrun fahimi suna yin raguwa tare da tsufa saboda raguwar kwararar jini zuwa kwakwalwa ko don wasu dalilai. Binciken gwaje-gwaje na asibiti na 14 ya kammala cewa CDP-choline na iya inganta ?wa?walwar ajiya da hali a cikin marasa lafiya tare da rashin fahimta mai sau?i zuwa matsakaici, ciki har da wa?anda ke da ?ananan kwakwalwa [9]. Dangane da bayanai daga fiye da 2,800 tsofaffi marasa lafiya, bayan karbar maganin citicoline, matsalolin ?wa?walwar ajiya sun ?ace a cikin 21% na marasa lafiya kuma ?wa?walwar ajiya ta inganta a cikin 45% na marasa lafiya. Wannan binciken ba shi da ikon sarrafa placebo, don haka ya kamata mu ?auki sakamakon da ?wayar gishiri [18]. Citicoline (1000mg na watanni 9) yana da amfani a cikin 350 tsofaffi marasa lafiya tare da raunin hankali mai laushi saboda yana iya [19]: ?arfafa ?wayoyin jijiyoyi don ?ara yawan norepinephrine da dopamine don hana lalacewar oxidative A cikin binciken uku na marasa lafiya na 210 da rashin lafiya da rashin lafiya na kwakwalwa, CDP-choline, inganta ha?aka da ?wa?walwar ajiya. Mafi girman adadin citicoline (2000mg), mafi kyawun sakamako [20,21,22]. Mutane da yawa suna amfani da citicoline don inganta tunani, ha?aka ?wa?walwar ajiya, da hana raguwar fahimi. Bari mu ga abin da kimiyya ke fa?i game da rawar da yake takawa a matsayin wasan wasa ... A cikin gwaje-gwaje na asibiti guda biyu a cikin 135 manya masu lafiya, citicoline (250-500mg) ya inganta hankali da tsabtar tunani [23,24]. Abin sha mai ?auke da maganin kafeyin da CDP choline (250 MG) yana ha?aka aikin fahimi da rage lokacin amsawa a cikin masu sa kai na 60. Caffeine sananne ne mai kara kuzari kuma yana iya ba da gudummawa ga sakamakon [25]. A cikin manya masu lafiya 24, mafi girman allurai na citicoline (500 ko 1000mg) sun inganta alamun fahimi daban-daban - saurin aiki, aiki da ?wa?walwar magana, aikin zartarwa - amma a cikin wa?anda ke da ?arancin fahimi [26]. A cikin binciken guda ?aya, kari ba su da tasiri a kan masu yin tsaka-tsaki kuma har ma da ?an ?aramin ?arfin fahimta a cikin manyan masu yin wasan kwaikwayo. [26] Cin zarafi na cannabis nakasa iyawar fahimi. A cikin nazarin masu shan tabar wiwi na 19 na yau da kullun, citicoline (2,000 MG kowace rana don makonni 8) ya rage martanin da ke motsa rai da ha?aka aikin fahimi. Duk mahalarta sun so su daina shan taba, kuma masu bincike sun nuna cewa sakamakon citicoline na iya taimakawa wajen jagorantar su a wannan hanya [27,28]. Dangane da bincike na farko, citicoline na iya ha?aka hankali da tsabtar tunani, musamman a cikin mutanen da ke da ?arancin fahimi.

2) Gyaran bugun jini

Yanke samar da jini zuwa wani yanki na musamman na kwakwalwa na iya kashe ?wayoyin cuta da kuma haifar da mummunar lalacewar kwakwalwa. Citicoline na iya taimakawa ta hanyar ?arfafa membranes na jijiyoyi da kuma toshe samar da radical kyauta [29,30]. Dangane da meta-bincike na gwaje-gwaje na asibiti guda hu?u (fiye da marasa lafiya 1,300), shan 2000mg na citicoline a cikin sa'o'i 24 bayan bugun jini ya karu da rashin samun cikakkiyar farfadowa da 38% [10]. Bayanai daga fiye da 4,000 da suka tsira daga bugun jini sun nuna cewa citicoline yana inganta sakamako da farfadowa na AIDS; Mafi girma allurai (2000-4000mg) sun fi tasiri. Babu kulawar placebo a cikin wannan binciken, don haka ba za a iya zana tabbatacciyar ?arshe ba [31]. Nazarin biyu na fiye da marasa lafiya 3,000 ba su sami wani amfani mai mahimmanci na CDP-choline don bugun jini mai tsanani [32,33]. Magunguna masu zubar da jini sun kasance za?i na farko don m bugun jini. Binciken da aka ha?a guda biyu sun kammala cewa citicoline na iya ba da ?arin fa'idodi ko taimaka wa marasa lafiya wa?anda ba su iya kar?ar jiyya da aka fi so [34,35]. Gudanar da citicoline akan lokaci na iya inganta farfadowar bugun jini, amma bincike yana da iyaka. Magunguna masu fashewar jini sun kasance za?i na farko don bugun jini.

3) Matsalolin hangen nesa

Kamar kare jijiyoyi a cikin kwakwalwa da kashin baya, citicoline na iya samun tasiri iri ?aya akan jijiyar gani. Yana iya juyar da lahani ga jijiyoyi na ido da kuma taimakawa wajen magance cututtukan ido kamar [1]: Optic neuropathy Glaucoma Amblyopia Glaucoma ?ara yawan karfin ido da wasu abubuwa na iya lalata jijiyar gani kuma ya haifar da glaucoma, wani lokaci yana haifar da cikakkiyar makanta [36]. A cikin gwaje-gwajen asibiti guda biyu a cikin marasa lafiya na 80 glaucoma, citicoline na baka na dogon lokaci ya gyara lalacewar jijiya, ingantaccen hangen nesa, da rage jinkirin ci gaban cuta [37,38]. Citicoline ido drops ya nuna sakamako iri ?aya a cikin wasu gwaje-gwaje na asibiti guda biyu (majiyyata 68) [39,40]. Amblyopia, ko "lazy ido," yana faruwa lokacin da idanu da kwakwalwa ba su sadarwa da kyau. Yana iya haifar da duhun gani a ido ?aya. [41] A cikin gwaji uku na asibiti na yara 190, citicoline na baka ya inganta daidaitattun maganin amblyopia (ido patch) [42,43,44]. Allurar CDP choline (1000mg kowace rana) ya warkar da jijiyar gani da kuma inganta hangen nesa a cikin 10 manya tare da amblyopia. Binciken yana da ?ananan samfurin kuma ba shi da ikon sarrafa wuribo, don haka sakamakon yana da tambaya [45]. Neuropathy na gani na gani wani nau'i ne na raunin jijiya na gani wanda zai iya tsoma baki tare da hangen nesa. A cikin marasa lafiya na 26 tare da neuropathy na gani, citicoline (1600mg / rana don watanni 2) ya inganta hangen nesa ta hanyar gyara lalacewar jijiya [46]. Rashin isassun shaida Babu ingantacciyar shaida ta asibiti da za ta goyi bayan amfani da citicoline don maganin kowace cuta a cikin wannan sashe. Abubuwan da ke biyowa ta?aitaccen binciken dabba na baya-bayan nan, nazarin tushen tantanin halitta, ko ?ananan gwaje-gwaje na asibiti wa?anda yakamata su haifar da ?arin bincike. Koyaya, bai kamata ku fassara su azaman tallafawa kowane fa'idodin kiwon lafiya ba.

4) Raunin kwakwalwa

Danniya mai oxidative, halayen autoimmune, da gubobi na muhalli na iya haifar da mummunar lalacewar ?wayoyin kwakwalwa. Citicoline yana kare kwakwalwa da kashin baya daga wa?annan matsalolin ta hanyar kare kullin myelin na sel da ha?aka mahimman ?wayoyin cuta. Cutar cutar Alzheimer A cikin gwaje-gwajen asibiti guda uku, Citicoline (1000mg kowace rana don watanni 1-3) ya inganta alamun cutar Alzheimer [47,48,49]: Ingantaccen aikin tunani yana motsa jini zuwa kwakwalwa ya rage matakan ?wayoyin ?wayoyin cuta (histamine da IL1B) Duk da haka, rashin kulawar placebo a cikin binciken biyu ya sa sakamakon ya zama abin tambaya. A cikin binciken na uku, marasa lafiya da ke da ?wayar ?wayar cuta zuwa cutar Alzheimer (Masu ?aukar APOE-e4) sun sami fa'idodi mafi girma. Wannan bincike ne mai mahimmanci saboda masu ?aukar APOE-e4 suna amsawa daban-daban (kuma sau da yawa mafi muni) zuwa tsaka-tsaki daban-daban [48,50]. Citicoline ya inganta tasirin maganin miyagun ?wayoyi don cutar Alzheimer kuma ya jinkirta ci gaba da gwaje-gwajen kallo guda biyu (fiye da marasa lafiya 600) [51,52]. A cikin berayen da ke da cutar Alzheimer, citicoline yana kare jijiyoyi daga maye gurbin furotin kuma yana rage kwararar jini. Sakamakon haka, berayen sun sami ?arancin rashin fahimta da ingantaccen ?wa?walwar ajiya [53]. Citicoline na iya taimakawa wajen magance cutar Alzheimer da inganta daidaitattun kulawa, amma shaidar asibiti da ke akwai rauni. Cutar Parkinson Rushewar ?wayoyin ?wayoyin cuta na dopamine a cikin cutar Parkinson yana haifar da taurin tsoka, rawar jiki, da sauran alamomi. A cikin berayen da ke da cutar Parkinson, citicoline yana kawar da taurin tsoka ta hanyar ha?aka matakan dopamine a cikin kwakwalwa. Hakanan yana ha?aka tasirin daidaitaccen magani [54,55]. Halakar da sclerise da yawa na lalata ?iren myelin na iya haifar da zane mai zurfi, tare da matsanancin ?arfin jiki da fahimta. A cikin dabbobi masu fama da sclerosis da yawa, masana kimiyya sun lura da yuwuwar citicoline don ha?aka dawo da myelin da daidaitawar motsa jiki [56,57].

5) Rashin hankali da shaye-shayen kwayoyi

Damuwa A cikin nazarin marasa lafiya na 50, ?ara citicoline zuwa antidepressant (citalopram) ya inganta bayyanar cututtuka da farfadowa [58]. A cikin berayen, CDP-choline yana ha?aka norepinephrine, dopamine, da matakan serotonin a cikin ?wa?walwar ?wa?walwa, yanayi, da cibiyoyin motsi [59,60]. Methamphetamine da cocaine addicts Citicoline ya rage alamun damuwa a cikin 60 methamphetamine (meth) addicts, amma ba shi da tasiri akan amfani da miyagun ?wayoyi (2000 mg / day don watanni 3). A cikin wani binciken na 31 methamphetamine addicts, citicoline ya kare kwakwalwa da rage amfani da miyagun ?wayoyi [61,62]. A cikin fiye da 130 cocaine addicts tare da ciwon bipolar, citicoline (500-2,000 MG na watanni 3) rage amfani da miyagun ?wayoyi amma bai shafi yanayi ba. Koyaya, a cikin gwaji na masu amfani da hodar iblis mai nauyi 20, bai haifar da wani tasiri ba [63,64,65]. Binciken gwaje-gwaje tara ya kammala cewa citicoline na iya samun ?an fa'ida akan jarabar abubuwa, musamman hodar iblis, amma ya nuna bu?atar ?arin shaidar asibiti [66]. Citicoline ya ha?aka tasirin daidaitaccen magani a cikin marasa lafiya 66 tare da schizophrenia. Yana inganta abubuwan da ake kira "mara kyau" alamomi kamar su dullness, rashin sadarwa, da taurin kai. Wa?annan suna da wahalar magancewa da magungunan gargajiya [67]. A cikin manya masu lafiya na 24, CDP-choline yana ha?aka fahimta ta hanyar ha?aka mai kar?ar nicotinic acetylcholine, wanda gaba?aya baya aiki a cikin schizophrenia [26]. Nazarin farko yana da ban sha'awa, amma babu isasshen shaida don tallafawa amfani da citicoline don magance matsalolin tunani da jarabar ?wayoyi.