?O ke kō, ka mea i kapa ?ia ?o ka carbohydrate, he mea?ai ko?iko?i a ?o ke kumu nui o ka ikehu o ke kino kanaka. E like me ka helu o nā pū?ulu kō, hiki ke ho?oka?awale ?ia nā kō i nā monosaccharides, oligosaccharides a me polysaccharides. ?O Glucose ka monosaccharide i ho?olaha nui ?ia ma ke ?ano, a hiki ke ho?opili pololei ?ia e ke kino e hā?awi i ka ikehu. ?O Mannose kekahi monosaccharide, kahi isomer o ka glucose (Figure 1).

He kumuhana kama'āina a pa?akikī ke kō i ko mākou ola i kēlā me kēia lā. Mai ka sucrose ma?amau, fructose a hiki i ka D-mannose li?ili?i, i kēia lā, e kama?ilio mākou e pili ana i ka hōkū ha?aha?a akā hiki ke loa?a - D-mannose.

I ka makahiki 1976, i ka wā i a?o mua ai nā mea noi?i i nā derivatives chlorinated o ka sucrose, ua ?ike ?ole lākou i kahi pūhui me ka ?ono ki?eki?e loa, ?o ka sucralose, i mana?o ?ia he mea ko?iko?i nui i ke kula o nā mea ?ono, no ka mea ?a?ole ?ono wale ka sucralose, akā pa?a nō ho?i, kūpono no ka ho?ohana ?ana i nā mea?ai a me nā mea inu.

Hanana 1:

Ke ho?ohana nei i ka 4-methyl-4-hydroxy-2-pentanone (diacetone alcohol) ma ke ?ano he mea ho?ohehe?e, ka wai e like me ka solvent, ua ho?ohana ?ia ka wai wai NaOBr no ka hopena halogenated, a ukali ?ia e ka acidification a me ka ho?one?e isobutanol……

Hiki ke ho?ohana ?ia ?o HMB Ca no ka ho?oikaika ?ana i ka ulu ?ana o ka ?i?o, ho?omaika?i i ka pale ?ana, ho?emi i ka cholesterol a me ka lipoprotein ha?aha?a ha?aha?a (LDL) i loko o ke kino e hō?emi i ka hiki ?ana mai o ka ma?i na?au coronary a me ka ma?i cardiovascular.

?O ka mea nui o nā capsules vitamin E ?o ia ka huaora E, no ke ?ano o ka momona momona. Loa?a i nā capsules Vitamin E nā hopena a me nā hana o ka ho?omaika?i ?ana i ka palekana, ka hana hānau, a me ka ho?opane?e ?ana i ka ?elemakule.

Nā hana nui a me nā kumu:

?O ka HMB calcium kahi metabolite ma?amau o nā lālā amino acids i loko o ke kino o ke kanaka, kahi mea nui i ka synthesis protein i loko o ka ?i?o ?i?o, e ho?oikaika ana i ka ulu ?ana o ka ?i?o a me ka ho?omaika?i ?ana i ka kiko italic.

He ?oko?a ko?iko?i ka Xylitol a me ke kō i ka haku mele ?ana, nā calorie, nā hopena koko koko, a me ke olakino niho. ?O Xylitol kahi mea ?ono maoli i lawe ?ia mai nā mea kanu e like me ka birch, oak, corn cob, a me ke kō. ?O C ? H ?? O ? kona ?ano kemika, no ka ?elima carbon sugar alcohol, me ka ?ono o kahi o 90% o ka sucrose, e hā?awi ana ma kahi o 2.4 kcal o ka ikehu no ka gram. ?O ke kō (e like me ka sucrose) he disaccharide i haku ?ia me ka glucose a me ka fructose, e hā?awi ana ma kahi o 4 kcal o ka ikehu no ka gram. ?O ka ?ai ?ana iā ia hiki ke ho?onui wikiwiki i ke ki?eki?e o ke kō koko.

I ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā, lohe pinepine mākou i ka ha?i ?ana o ka po?e i ka huaora E.

?O ka Vitamin E, ka mea i kapa ?ia ?o vitamin E a i ?ole tocopherol, he lālā ko?iko?i ia o ka ?ohana huaora a he mea?ai ko?iko?i no ka ?ike, ka momona, ke koko, ka lolo a me ke olakino ?ili.

He aha nā kumu o ka huaora E?

?O ka ?oia?i?o, ua ho?omau ?ia ka ho?opa?apa?a e pili ana inā hiki i ka huaora C ke mālama i ke anu mai ka makahiki 1970. Mai ia manawa mai, ua ikaika ka ho?opa?apa?a ma waena o ka "vitamin C effective group" a me ka "Vitamin C ineffective group", a ua pa?a nā ?ao?ao ?elua i ko lākou mau mana?o pono?ī, ?a?ole i hiki i ka ?ae ?ana, a he pa?akikī ke ho?ohuli i kekahi i kekahi.