Ke pi?i a?e nei ka heluna kanaka o ke ao holo?oko?a, ?o nā ma?i ma?i ma?i e pili ana i ka makahiki e like me ka ma?i diabetes, ke koko ki?eki?e a me ka momona ke pi?i nei, a ?o kēia mau ma?i metabolic ke kau nei i ke kaumaha nui i ka po?e ?elemakule a ho?onui i ka pilikia o ka ma?i cardiovascular. Ho?ololi maika?i ?ia ka pu?uwai me ka makahiki, e alaka?i ana i nā ma?i cardiovascular pili i ka makahiki.

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?O ka ma?i cardiovascular (CVD) he mea ho?oweliweli ko?iko?i i ke ola o ke kanaka a me ke olakino o nā ma?i ma?amau, ?oi aku ka ma?amau i nā po?e ma mua o 50 mau makahiki, me ka nui o ka ma?i, ki?eki?e ke kino kīnā a me nā hi?ohi?ona make ki?eki?e. Ho?opili ?ia ?o CVD me ka myocardial fibrosis, ho?emi i ka autophagy, ho?onui i ke ko?iko?i oxidative mitochondrial a me ka metabolic imbalance. No laila, ?o ka mālama ?ana i ke kumu mua o CVD he pilikia ko?iko?i i ka ?epekema hou a me ka mālama olakino.

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I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hō?ike nui nā noi?i i ka ho?ohana ?ana i nā huahana kūlohelohe no ka pale ?ana a me ka mālama ?ana i ka CVD. ?O nā huahana kūlohelohe kahi papa nui o nā mea kemika me ka nui o nā hana olaola, loa?a mua mai nā mea kanu ?ai a me nā lā?au lapa?au. Ua hō?ike nā ha?awina i nā hana o ka hana o ka lā?au lapa?au kūlohelohe i ka CVD: ho?oulu i ka autophagy, ho?opane?e i ka ho?oponopono hou ?ana o ka ventricular, hō?emi i ke ko?iko?i oxidative a me ka pane inflammatory, inhibiting apoptosis, a me ka pale ?ana i ka ?i?o o ka na?au mai ischemia a ischemia / reperfusion (I/R) ?eha.

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Nā huahana kūlohelohe a me kā lākou hana

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Ho?onui ?ia ka autophagy

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Ke hilina?i nei nā cardiomyocytes kahiko i ka autophagy, kahi ala ho?oha?aha?a lysosomal mediated degradation, e ho?one?e i nā hui pūmua ?ona a me nā organelles i hō?ino ?ia. ?O ka nalowale o ka autophagy hiki ke alaka?i i ka emi ?ana o ka hana na?au. ?O ka pahuhopu momona o ka rapamycin (mTOR), he serine/threonine protein kinase, he mea ho?oponopono ko?iko?i o ka homeostasis mea?ai i nā mammals. ?O ka ho?oulu ?ana o ka mTOR e kāohi i ka autophagy, ?oiai ?o AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) e hana ma ke ?ano he mea ho?oponopono maika?i o autophagy, ma mua o ka pale ?ana i ka complex mTOR.

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?O Resveratrol kahi polyphenol maoli i loa?a i nā mea?ai mea kanu he nui, e like me ka pīkī, cranberries, blueberries, a me nā hua waina. Loa?a iā ia nā pono olakino e like me ka anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-aging a me nā hopena pale cardio e like me ka ho?onui autophagy. Ua hō?ike nā ha?awina e hiki i ka resveratrol ke ho?oikaika i ka autophagy ma o ka ho?oulu ?ana i ka AMPK ma o nā ala like ?ole. Eia hou, hiki i ka resveratrol ke ho?oulu i ke ola o ke kelepona ma ka ho?āla ?ana i ke ala ola mTOR complex 2(mTORC2).

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Wehe ?ia ?o Berberine mai nā a?a, rhizome a me ka ?ili o nā mea kanu lā?au he nui a loa?a nā ?ano lā?au lapa?au like ?ole, me ka anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and autophagy regulation. Ma ke ?ano he mea ho?oulu AMPK, hiki i ka berberine ke ho?oulu i ka autophagy ma ka ho?oulu ?ana i ka AMPK a hiki ke ho?onui i ka autophagy ma ke kāohi ?ana i ka mTOR.

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?O Curcumin kahi mea ?ala i loa?a mai ka ?ohana ginger a ho?ohana pinepine ?ia i nā curries. Hiki i ka Curcumin ke ho?oulu i ka autophagy ma ke kāohi ?ana i ke ala hō?ailona PI3K-AKT-mTOR, iho-ho?oponopono i nā pae phosphorylation o AKT a me mTOR, ho?oponopono i ka LC3-II, ho?onui i ka ?ōlelo o BECN1, ho?emi i ka pilina ma waena o BECN1 a me BCL-2, a ho?onui i ka acetylation o FoxO1.

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Kāohi i ke kaumaha oxidative a me ka mumū mau

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?O ke ko?iko?i o ka oxidative a me ka mumū mau loa nā ho?ololi molekala nui e kū nei i ka pathophysiology o CVD. Ho?oikaika mau ka mumū i ka po?e ?elemakule a he kumu pilikia ia no ka CVD. Hiki i ka ho?oponopono mua o ka mumū ke pale a ho?opane?e paha i ka hanana a me ka holomua o CVD.

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?O Sesamin ka nui loa o ka lignin hiki ke ho?ohehe?e ?ia i ka aila i loko o nā kumulā?au sesame a me nā aila a he ?ano hana pharmacological, me nā hana antioxidant a me nā anti-inflammatory. Hiki i ka Sesamine ke ho?oponopono i ka mana?o o PPARγ, LXRα a me ABCG1, e ho?oulu i ka cholesterol outflow i nā macrophages, a ke kāohi pono i ka hō?ili?ili cholesterol i ho?oulu ?ia e ka LDL oxidized, no laila e pale ai i ka ho?okumu ?ana o nā pūnaewele pua i nā macrophages.

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?O Lycopene kahi carotenoid acyclic kūlohelohe i loa?a i loko o nā chloroplasts a me nā chromosomes o nā mea kanu, a me ka cytoplasm o kekahi mau eukaryotes e like me ka eubacteria a me nā algae. Hō?ike nā hō?ike epidemiological i ka pili ?ana o ka serum lycopene i ka pili me ka pilikia CVD. Ho?opau ?o Lycopene i nā ?ano oxygen reactive (ROS), ho?emi i ka huna ?ana o ka macrophage o nā cytokines pro-inflammatory a me metalloproteinases, kāohi i ka ho?onui ?ana o nā ?i?o ?i?o, a ho?emi i nā monocytes. Hiki i ka Lycopene ke kāohi i nā pane inflammatory ma ke kāohi ?ana i ka ho?oulu ?ana o NF-κB, a hiki ke ho?opili i ka metabolism heterobiotic ma ka ho?oulu ?ana i ke ala transcriptional Nrf2 / ARE.

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He lā?au monocotyledonous ?o Ginger no ka genus Zingiberaceae. He mau waiwai kūikawā ko Ginger e ho?oma?ema?e i ka ROS, me nā peroxides. ?O nā mea hana a pau i loko o ka ginger, e like me curcumin, gingerol, a me gingerone, ua hō?ike i ka hana antioxidant. [6] - Hiki i ka Gingerol ke ho?onui i ka hana superoxide dismutase (SOD) ma ka ho?oulu ?ana i ke ala hō?ailona PI3K/AKT a ho?emi i ka hana ROS a me ka ho?okumu malondialdehyde i nā cardiomyocytes iole neonatal. Eia kekahi, ?oi aku ka nui o nā mea ?ala i ka 6-curcumin Hiki ke hana i nā hopena antioxidant ma o ka ho?oulu ?ana iā Nrf2. ?O ka mea nui, ua ho?opili ?ia nā hopena pale vascular o ka ginger ma o nā ?ano hana like ?ole, me ka hō?emi ?ana i ke kaumaha oxidative a me ka mumū, ka ho?onui ?ana i ka nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, ke kāohi ?ana i ka ho?onui ?ana o ka pu?upu?u vascular smooth muscle, a me ka ho?olaha ?ana i ka autophagy.

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Ka pale ?ana i ka ho?oponopono hou ?ana o ka myocardial

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?O nā ho?ololi i hana ?ia i ka wā ?elemakule o ka na?au, e komo pū ana me ka ho?oponopono hou ?ana o ka myocardial pathological, ?ike ?ia nā wānana o CVD. ?O ke ka?ina hana hou o ka myocardial e hō?ike ?ia e nā loli physiological a me nā molekala e alaka?i i ka hypertrophy cardiomyocyte, fibrosis, a me ka ?ā?ī myocardium, ka hopena e alaka?i ai i ka ho?onui ?ana i ka ventricular stiffness, impaired heart function, and ultimately heart failure. Ho?oikaika ka Angiotensin II i ka hypertrophy cardiomyocyte a ho?oulu i ka ho?onui ?ana o ka fibroblast a me ka hō?ike protein matrix extracellular. He ko?iko?i ko AMPK i ka ho?omohala ?ana i ka CVD, a ?o ka hemahema o ka AMPK e ho?onui i ka hypertrophy o ka na?au a ma?alahi ho?i ka pu?uwai i ka hō?eha ?ana o ka na?au.

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?O ka cytokine transforming growth factor β1(TGF-β1) he hana ko?iko?i i ka ho?oulu ?ana i nā fibroblasts cardiac e ho?oka?awale i nā fibroblasts cardiac. ?O FoxO1 kahi mea transcription e pili ana i ka apoptosis, ke kaumaha oxidative a me ka ho?oka?awale cell. Ho?oulu ?o TGF-β1 i ka ?ōlelo FoxO1, a ma nā fibroblasts cardiac, ho?emi ?o TGF-β1 i ka phosphorylation FoxO1, ho?onui i ka localization nuklea FoxO1, ho?onui i nā pae protein FoxO1, a ho?oikaika i ka ho?oka?awale ?ana o nā fibroblasts cardiac i nā fibroblasts cardiac.

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?O ka Baicalin kahi hui kūlohelohe i lawe ?ia mai nā a?a malo?o o scutellaria baicalensis. Kāohi ?o Baicalin i ka fibrosis pu?uwai i ho?oulu ?ia i ka overload ma ka ho?ololi ?ana i nā ala hō?ailona AMPK/TGF-β/Smads. ?O nā hopena maika?i o ka baicalin e pili ana i ka ho?oponopono ?ana i ka fibrosis cardiac in vivo a in vitro ma ka ho?āla ?ana i ke ala hō?ailona AMPK/TGF-β/Smads. Ho?opa?a pū ?o Baicalin iā Smad3 a me ka translocation nuklea o Smad3 me ka transcription co-activator p300, a laila e pale ai i ka ho?omohala ?ana o ka fibrosis cardiac angiotensin II-mediated.

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?O Epicatechin ka polyphenol bioactive nui i ke kī ?ōma?oma?o a he antioxidant ikaika. Ho?emi ?o Epicatechin i ka angiotensin II a me ke kaumaha overload-mediated cardiac hypertrophy. Ho?opa?a ?o Epicatechin i ka hō?ike ?ana o ka angiotensin II-induced c-Fos a me c-Jun proteins, no laila ke kāohi nei i ka hana AP-1. Eia kekahi, hiki i ka epicatechin ke kāohi i ka hana NF-κB ma ke kāohi ?ana i nā ala hō?ailona ROS-dependent p38 a me JNK, a ?o ka inhibition o ka ho?oulu ?ana AP-1 he hopena ia o ka epicatechin e kāohi ana i ka pi?i ?ana o ka hypertrophy cardiac ma ke kāohi ?ana i ka transactivation EGFR a me kāna mau hanana iho ERK / PI3K / AKT0 / mTOR / mTOR / mTOR. peptide a me B-type sodium Ka ho?iho?i hou ?ana o nā peptides mimi a me ka pale ?ana i ka holomua hypertrophy cardiac. Ho?opa?a pū ?o Epicatechin i ka angiotensin II-induced ROS production a me NADPH oxidase expression, no laila ke kāohi nei i ka hypertrophy cardiac a me ka remodeling cardiac.

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Hō?ike kēia loiloi i ka hiki o nā huahana kūlohelohe no ka pale ?ana a me ka mālama ?ana i ka ma?i cardiovascular. Ke ulu nei ka heluna kanaka o ka honua, ua lilo nā ma?i cardiovascular pili i ka ?elemakule i pilikia olakino ko?iko?i. Ho?ohana nui ?ia nā huahana kūlohelohe i ka pale ?ana a me ka mālama ?ana i nā ma?i like ?ole ma muli o ko lākou pono nui a me ka palekana ki?eki?e.

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Ua hō?ike nā ha?awina i nā ?ano mea like ?ole e like me resveratrol, berberine, curcumin, lycopene, ginger, baicalein, epicatechin, ellagic acid, honokiol, poria, tanshinone IIA a me marigonin E he mau hana he nui i ka ho?onui ?ana i ka autophagy, inhibiting oxidative stress and inhibiting inhibiting myopoptosis. ?eha ischemia/reperfusion . Ho?okani kēia mau huahana kūlohelohe i kahi hana pale cardiovascular ma o ka ho?oponopono ?ana i nā ala hō?ailona like ?ole, e like me mTOR, AMPK, NF-κB, Nrf2, etc.

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Eia kekahi, ?o nā ?ano mea?ai kūpono, e like me ka ho?onui ?ana i ka ?ai ?ana i nā hua?ai a me nā mea kanu, ka ?ai ha?aha?a o ke kī ?ōma?oma?o, a me nā mea ?ē a?e, hiki ke kōkua i ka hō?emi ?ana i ka pilikia o ka ma?i cardiovascular. Kāko?o nā ha?awina epidemiological a me nā ho?okolohua lapa?au i kēia mana?o. ?O ka mea nui, ?o nā pūhui kūlohelohe e like me nā catechins i loko o ke kī ?ōma?oma?o, lycopene i loko o nā ?ōmato, a me ka gingerol i loko o ka ?ā?ī ua hō?ike i nā hopena pale cardiovascular ko?iko?i.

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Eia nō na?e, ?oiai ?o nā huahana kūlohelohe e ho?ohiki nui i ke kahua o ka pale ?ana a me ka mālama ?ana i ka ma?i cardiovascular, aia nō kekahi mau pilikia a me nā palena. No ka la?ana, he ha?aha?a ka bioavailability o kekahi mau huahana kūlohelohe, ?a?ole maopopo i ke ?ano o ka hana, a pono e hō?oia hou ?ia ka pono lapa?au. Eia kekahi, aia paha nā pilina ma waena o nā huahana kūlohelohe ?ē a?e, a ?o ka optimization o ka dosage a me ka lō?ihi o ka mālama ?ana e koi hou aku i ka noi?i.