?O ka sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) kahi ?ano o ka polymeric fiber ether i loa?a i ka ho?ololi kemika o ka cellulose maoli. Ho?okumu nui ?ia kona ?ano me ka D-glucose unit i ho?opili ?ia e ka β (1→4) glucoside bond. Ho?ohehe?e ?ia i loko o ka wai anuanu e hana i kahi hopena viscous. ?O ka viscosity o ka ho?onā e pili ana i ka vitamina raw material DP (ki?eki?e, waena, ha?aha?a), a me nā kūlana no?ono?o a me ka ho?ohehe?e ?ana, no ka la?ana: ka ho?ohehe?e ?ana a me ka ho?ohana ?ana i ka ikaika shear ki?eki?e i ka hopena, inā he ha?aha?a ka CMC DS, a ?a?ole kūlike ka māhele ho?ololi, a laila hana ?ia ka hui gel; ?O ka ho?ololi ?ana, inā ho?oka?awale ?ia ka DS ki?eki?e a me ka ho?ololi ?ana, ua ho?okumu ?ia kahi hopena akaka a kūlike.

?O nā kumu ?ē a?e e hiki ai ke ho?ololi i ka solubility a me ka viscosity o nā ho?onā CMC he mahana, PH, pa?akai, kō a i ?ole nā ??polymers ?ē a?e.

Nā hopena wela:
Ke ho?onui ?ia ka mahana o ka ho?onā CMC, e emi ana ka viscosity o ka hopena (e like me ka hō?ike ?ana ma ke Ki?i 1). Eia nō na?e, i ka wā ho?omehana pōkole, ke hā?ule ka mahana i ka wela kumu, hiki i ka hopena ke ho?iho?i i ka viscosity kumu. Inā lō?ihi ka mahana wela a me ka manawa (e like me 125 ℃, 1 hola), e emi ana ka viscosity o ka hopena ma muli o ka degradation o cellulose. ?O kēia kūlana, e like me ka disinfection mea?ai
Nā hopena PH:
No ka CMC, ?o ka hopena, PH acidic, he ma?alahi loa, no ka mea, e ho?ohuli ?ia ?o CMC-NA i CMC-H, insoluble. I mea e ho?omalu ai i ka solubility maika?i o ka CMC i loko o ka media acidic, ho?ohana ma?amau ia e ho?ohehe?e me DS ki?eki?e (0.8-0.9) a ma mua o ka ho?ohui ?ana i ka waikawa.

Ka hopena pa?akai: ?O CMC kahi ?ano anionic, hiki ke hana me ka pa?akai e hana i ka pa?akai CMC soluble, bivalent a trivalent pa?akai, a laila ho?oikaika i ka ho?okumu ?ana o ka pūnaewele ?oi a?e a li?ili?i paha, a i ?ole e ho?emi i ka viscosity CMC, a i ?ole e ho?ohehe?e ?ia ai ka ua, inā e ho?ohehe?e mua ?ia ka CMC i ka wai, a laila ho?ohui i ka pa?akai, li?ili?i ka hopena.

Nā hopena o nā mea ?ē a?e:
Ho?ololi ?ia nā ho?ololi ma muli o ka ho?ohui ?ana o kekahi mau mea ho?ohehe?e, a i ?ole nā ????mea ?ē a?e e like me ke kō, nā starch a me nā ?ā?ī.

Nā waiwai ?ē a?e:
?O ka ho?onā wai wai CMC he thixotropic. Hō?ike ka ho?onā wai wai CMC i ke ?ano pseudoplastic ma ke ki?eki?e o ka shear rate. No laila, ma muli o ka shear rate, hiki ke lilo i ka solution CMC viscosity ki?eki?e i ka viscosity ha?aha?a ma mua o ka solution CMC medium-viscosity.
?O ka noi o CMC i ka mea?ai

Ho?ohana nui ?ia ?o CMC-Na i ka mea?ai ma ke ?ano he mānoanoa, stabilizer, a me nā mea ?ē a?e, a hiki ke kōkua i ka loa?a ?ana o ka ho?olālā ho?onohonoho i makemake ?ia, a me nā waiwai sensory i makemake ?ia. Ma muli o kēia mau hana he nui, ho?ohana nui ?ia ?o CMC i ka ?oihana mea?ai, i kēia manawa i ho?okomo ?ia i kēia mau mea:

?O ka mua, ka mea ?ai malo?o - ice cream - sugar water sorbet

I loko o nā huahana malo?o, pono e ho?ohui ?ia kahi stabilizer e ho?omau i ka ho?onohonoho ?ana o ka huahana i ka ?ai. Ma waena o nā stabilizers he nui, ?o CMC ka stabilizer ma?amau i ho?ohana ?ia no ka ice cream a me nā huahana hau. ?O ke kumu, ?o ka mea mua, ke ho?opuehu maika?i ?ia ?o CMC, hiki iā ia ke ho?ohehe?e koke i ka wai, hana i ka viscosity i koi ?ia, a hiki ke ho?omalu pono i ka ho?onui. ?O ka lua, ?o CMC, e like me nā stabilizers ?ē a?e, hiki ke ho?omalu i ka ho?okumu ?ana o nā kristal hau, mālama i kahi hui like ?ole a pa?a, a mālama i ka pa?a i ka wā e mālama ?ia ai ka huahana, ?oiai inā e ho?omalo?o pinepine ?ia. Ho?ohana ?ia ?o CMC i nā mea li?ili?i a hā?awi i nā waiwai sensory maika?i loa (ka kikokikona a me ka ?ono).

I loko o nā ?ano ice cream ha?aha?a a me ka waiū, ua hui ?ia ?o CMC me 10-15% carrageenan e pale ai i ka ho?oka?awale ?ana o ka hui ?ana ma mua o ka hau. Me ka emi ?ana o ka momona momona, ho?onui kūpono ka nui o ka CMC, a hiki ke loa?a ke ?ano momona a pahe?e.

Hiki ke ho?ohana ?ia ?o CMC ma ke ?ano he stabilizer no nā mea inu wai hua?ai. I ka wai sorbet wai, hiki i ka CMC ke ho?oku?u i ka ?ala a ho?emi i ka hopena o ka masking kala a me ka ?ono.

I loko o ka pa'ū hua waiu e like me ka malo?o hui, e pili ana i 0.2% CMC stabilizer hiki ke ho?ohui, a ma ka syrup, ka nui o CMC hiki e like me 0.75 ~ 1%. Ma ke?ano laulā, ?oko?a ka nui o ka CMC i ho?ohui ?ia me nā mea ho?ohui o ka huahana hau. I kekahi mau ?āina, ho?ohana ?ia ka mea kanu ma kahi o ka momona waiu, ho?ohana ?ia nā mea?ai momona e like me ka sorbitol ma kahi o ke kō i loko o ka ice cream, a hiki ke ho?ohana pū ?ia ka CMC.

?Elua, mea?ai kālua

He nui nā ?ano mea ?ai i kālua ?ia: e like me ka berena kūikawā, nā keke like ?ole, nā pai, nā fritters a pēlā aku.

I ka hana ?ana i ka berena, ka berena a me nā huahana ?ē a?e, ?o ia ka palaoa e like me ke kumu kumu, no ka mea, hiki ke hui koke ?ia ?o CMC me nā mea like ?ole, loa?a koke i ka paila palaoa. I kekahi mau hihia, ?o ka ho?ohana ?ana i ka CMC e ho?oponopono i nā mea hana, ?o ka hapa nui o ka wai e ho?ohui hou ?ia, no ka gram o CMC, ka wai ma waena o 20 a 40, ?oko?a ka nui o CMC me ka huahana, ma?amau 0.1 a 0.4% o ka pa?a.

?O ka ho?ohui ?ana o CMC i nā huahana i ho?omo?a ?ia hiki ke ho?omaika?i i ka like ?ole o ka palaoa a me ka hā?awi ?ana i nā mea ?ai, e like me nā hua waina a i ?ole nā ??hua aniani. Hiki ke māhele like ?ia kēia mau mea i loko o ka huahana i ka wā e kālua ai.

I nā manawa he nui, hiki ke mālama ?ia ka wai i ho?ohui ?ia i ka wā o ka kuke ?ana no ka loa?a ?ana o nā huahana palupalu, ?oiai no kekahi mau lā, no laila hiki iā CMC ke ho?olō?ihi i ka ?elemakule o nā huahana. No ka mea, ?oi aku ka nui o nā mea palupalu i loko, hō?ike pinepine ia i ka pi?i ?ana o ka nui o ka huahana.

Hiki i ka CMC ke ho?omaika?i i ke ?ano o ka ?i?o o ka ho?opiha ?ana, nā mea ho?ohui a me ka icing, ?oiai e pale ana i ka dehydration shrinkage o ka ho?opiha ?ana a me ka kāohi ?ana i ka icing o nā kristal kō. I nā huahana palupalu, CMC no ka pa?a ?ana o ka ho?olālā, hiki ke ho?ohana wale ?ia, hiki ke ho?ohana pū ?ia me nā mea ho?ohui ?ē a?e.
3. Nā mea inu ?olu?olu

Ho?ohana nui ?ia ?o CMC i nā mea inu ?olu?olu e levitate wai, ho?omaika?i i ka ?ono a me ke ?ano, ho?opau i ka ho?okumu ?ia ?ana o nā apo aila ma nā bottlenecks, a mālama i ka ?ono ?awa?awa ?ole o nā mea ?ono.

?O ka hopena o ka CMC i loko o nā mea inu e pili ana i ke ?ano o nā ?āpana, e like me ke ?ano CMC, viscosity, ho?ohana CMC, ?ano inu momona a me nā mea ?ai.

Ma ke?ano laulā, he li?ili?i ka hopena o ka ho?ohui a me ka homogenization o nā mea?ai i ka pa?a. I kekahi hihia, ho?ohui ?ia ka CMC, ?oi aku ka maika?i ma ka hopena o ka hana. Ho?onui kēia i ke kūpa?a.

?Oiai ?a?ole pinepine ka viscosity i ke kumu o ka ho?oku?u ?ia ?ana o ka wai, ua hō?ike pinepine ?ia i nā mea inu wai wai 25°Brix a ?oi aku ka ma?alahi o ka ho?opa?a ?ana ma mua o nā mea inu hikiwawe me 7-10% soluble solids.

4. Hua Waiwai

?Elua ?ano huahana: nā huahana kū?oko?a, e like me ka cream dessert; ?O nā huahana acidic, e like me nā mea inu yogurt.

Nā huahana kū?oko?a: Hiki ke ho?ohui ?ia ka CMC e hana i nā ?ano like ?ole o ka ?aila ?ono, hiki iā CMC ke ho?opau i ka malo?o o ka starch, carrageenan a i ?ole CMC carrageenan, no laila hiki ke hana ?ia no ka mālama ?ana i ka pa?a i ho?opa?a ?ia.

Yogurt: Ho?ohana ?ia ?o CMC e hana i ka yogurt, kahi mea ma?amau, ma muli o kona ?ano anionic, e hiki ai i ka casein ke hana i loko o ka PH isoelectric point range (PH4.6) e hana i ka mālama wela soluble a me ka mālama ?ana i nā pa?a pa?a. No laila, hiki ke hana ?ia a ho?opa?a ?ia ka nui o nā huahana: e like me ka waiū ?awa?awa, nā mea inu, ka pata, nā huahana dairy, nā mea inu wai waiu, etc.

Pono e nānā nui i ka loa?a ?ana o ke kūpa?a maika?i. ?O ka mea mua, pono e ho?oholo i ka nui o ka CMC i ho?ohui ?ia. Pili kēia i ke ?ano o ka CMC (ma ka ratio like like, ?oi aku ka maika?i o ke kūpa?a o ke ?ano viscosity ki?eki?e); Pili i ka ratio casein content; Pili i ka waiwai PH o ka mea inu; E pili ana i nā kūlana fermentation a acidification paha, hiki iā ia ke hana i ka nui a i ?ole ka li?ili?i casein aggregates. ?O ke kūlike o ka huahana e pili ana i ka ratio CMC, ka momona, ka mea pa?a, a pili pū kekahi i ka hana mechanical, e like me ka homogenization ma lalo o ke kaomi, hiki ke ho?emi i ke kūlike akā ?a?ole pili i ka pa?a.

Hiki ke ho?ohui i ka CMC stabilization.

Hiki i ka CMC a me nā protein ?ē a?e ke hana i nā pa?akikī soluble, e like me ka soy protein, gelatin.

?O ka lole saladi a me nā jams like ?ole

Ho?ohana ?ia ?o CMC e hana i ka lole salakeke, a ma?alahi ka hana ?ana i ka emulsion, ?oiai ke mālama ?ia no ka manawa lō?ihi ma lalo o nā kūlana wela kūpono ?ole, hiki ke ho?omaika?i i kona kūpa?a.

Ma muli o ke kūlike i makemake ?ia a me ka ?aila ?aila, e ho?ohana i ka medium-viscosity a i ?ole ki?eki?e-viscosity CMC, ?o ka nui ma waena o 0.5-1%. Hana ?ia ka hana ?ana o ka ?a?ahu salakeke ma ka ho?ohui ?ana i ka ?aila i ka wai CMC a ho?oulu ?ia. Hiki ke hana pololei ?ia kēia ?ano hana, ho?ohui maika?i i nā mea ?ai, ho?opuehu i ka wai me ka ?ōpala a i ?ole ka whisk, e ho?oulu i kekahi mau minuke, e ho?ohui mālie i ka ?aila e hana i kahi emulsion. Ke hiki ole ka CMC i ke ka?ina hana, ua ho?opuehu?ia i loko o ka?aila, ma lalo o ka hana o ka ikaika shear ki?eki?e, i ka wā o ka wai i loa?a nā mea'ē a?e (e like me ka hua manu, ka vīneka, ka pa?akai ...). Ke hana ?ia ka emulsification.

Hiki ke ho?ohana ?ia ka CMC no nā ?ano jams e like me ka mea?ai kī?aha hohonu. Ma muli o nā hi?ohi?ona o CMC, hiki ke ho?okumu ?ia nā hale like ?ole
(ma?alahi, lō?ihi a pōkole paha), ?o ia ho?i, hiki iā ia ke komo i ka wai a pale i ka dehydration a me ka emi ?ana i ka wā e ho?ohehe?e ?ia a ho?oma?ama?a hou i ka umu.

I loko o ka ?uala kōmato, ho?ohui ?ia ?o CMC e hā?awi i ke ?ano like a me ke ?ano i makemake ?ia. ?O 0.5-1% ka nui, e emi ana i ka pi?i ?ana o ka nui o nā tōmato M i ho?ohana ?ia.

6. ?O nā huahana ho?ohehe?e ?ia

Hiki ke ho?ohana ?ia ?o CMC ma ke ?ano he stabilizer no nā huahana loose (pore), mai ka pa?a ?ana o ka hopena o ka no?ono?o ?ana, maika?i loa ka hopena hu?i HPC, i ka wā e hui pū ?ia ai ka momona momona e hana i nā mea ho?ohui, maika?i loa ka hopena.

?O kāna hopena ko?iko?i ko?iko?i ka pale ?ana i ka pa?a ?ana o ka caking a me nā ?āpana momona, e pale i ka stratification o ka pae wai i ka wā o ka mālama ?ana, a me ka pale ?ana i ka shrinkage a me ka dehydration shrinkage.

8. Nā noi ?ē a?e

CMC Nā noi ?ē a?e:
He ha?aha?a ka waiwai calorific o ka CMC. No laila, ho?ohana ?ia ka CMC e hana i nā huahana ha?aha?a-calorie.

I ka ?ai wikiwiki, ho?ohehe?e koke ?o CMC, hā?awi i kahi kūlike a me ke ?ano, hiki ke ho?oku?u i kekahi ?āpana, e like me ke kofe i nā mea inu kokoleka.

I nā huahana ?i?o, ho?ohana ?ia ?o CMC ma ke ?ano he mānoanoa no ka ninini ?ana i ka gravy a pale i ka ho?oka?awale ?ana i ka momona. Loa?a iā ia nā hopena pa?a a pa?a i ka wai e pale ai i ka emi ?ana o ka ?i?o sausage.