Citicolinehe nucleotide ho?okahi i haku ?ia me ka waikawa nucleic, cytosine, pyrophosphate a me ka choline, ka mea i ho?ohana nui ?ia i ka mālama ?ana i nā ma?i neurodegenerative like ?ole, e like me ka ma?i o Alzheimer, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis a pēlā aku. Ua hō?ike pū ?ia nā ha?awina e hiki i ka citicoline ke ho?onui i ka lawe ?ana o ka lolo i ka dopamine a me ka glutamate, a laila e ho?omaika?i ai i ka hana cognitive. Hiki i ka Ciphocholine ke ho?emi i ka ho?oku?u ?ana i nā ?akika momona manuahi a ho?iho?i i ka hana o ka mitochondrial ATPase a me ka membrane cell Na+/K+ ATPase, pēlā e hō?emi ai i ka ?eha o ka lolo. Eia nō na?e, pa?akikī nā ?ano pathophysiological o nā ma?i neurodegenerative a pili i ka cholinergic deficiency, glutamate excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation, immune dysregulation, ho?emi i ka metabolism glucose, a me ka haki ?ana o ka pale koko-lolo.

Citicolinehiki ke ho?opa?a i ka membrane cell ma o ka ho?oulu ?ana i ka S-adenosine-L-methionine, ho?onui i ka pa?akikī dendrite a me ke ka?ina hana spinous o ka ho?olālā neuron motor, ho?omaika?i i ka plasticity o nā a?alolo ma nā wahi i hō?ino ?ole ?ia, a ho?oikaika i ka ho?iho?i hana.

Hiki i ka Citicoline ke ho?emi i ke ki?eki?e o ka wai-soluble lecithin phosphate ma ka ho?onui ?ana i ka choline phosphate cytidylytransferase (CCT) a ke?ake?a i ka hana o ka secretory phospholipase A2 (PLA2) a i ?ole ke kāohi i ka ho?oulu ?ana o PLA2 ma ke kāohi ?ana i ka TNF-a/IL-1b e hō?emi i ka nalowale o ka phospholipids a me ka ho?oponopono ?ana o ka membrane nerve.

Hiki i ka Citicoline ke ho?onui i ka hō?ike o nā mea anti-apoptotic e like me Bcl-2 a kāohi i ka ho?oku?u glutamate e hō?emi i ka cytotoxicity.

Paipai ?o Ciphocholine i ka ho?oponopono wikiwiki ?ana i nā ?ili o nā cell i hō?ino ?ia a me nā membrane mitochondrial, mālama i ka pa?a o ka cell a me ka hana biological, a ho?emi i ka ho?oku?u ?ana o ka momona momona, a laila e hō?emi ana i nā metabolites oxygenated toxic a me ka hana radical manuahi.

Hiki i ka Citicoline ke ho?onui i ka pae vasopressin a me ka plasma adrenotropin, a ho?oulu i ka ho?oku?u ?ana o ka hormone ulu, thyrotropin a me ka hormone luteinizing.

Nui nā ?ano ho?omākaukau o ka sodium citicoline, ?ekolu mau ala.

?O kekahi ka microbial fermentation. Loa?a i kēia ala kekahi mau pilikia e like me ka ha?aha?a ha?aha?a o ka huahana a me ka hopena pa?a ?ole.

?O kekahi, ?o ka synthesis kemika organik. Aia kekahi mau pilikia i kēia ?ano, e like me ka pa?akikī o ka huahana e ho?oka?awale mai ka hui ?ana o ka shrinkage, ?a?ole kūpono no ka ho?ohana ?ana i ka lā?au lapa?au, ha?aha?a ha?aha?a ho?ololi ho?ololi ?ana, nui nā huahana, ke kumukū?ai ki?eki?e a me ka pollution ko?iko?i.

Aia kekahi ?ano hana enzymatic synthesis, e like me ka ho?ohana ?ana i ka lepo hū pia a me nā microorganism ?ē a?e no ka biosynthesis. Ua ho?ohana ?ia nā pūnaeau lepo hū o ka brewer no ka hana enzymatic. Ua ma?alahi ke ka?ina hana, ua ki?eki?e ka nui o ka ho?ololi ?ana a ua ha?aha?a ke kumukū?ai. ?O ke ka?ina hana o ka citicoline sodium synthesized e ka enzymatic synthesis hiki ke ho?oka?awale ?ia i ?elua ?āpana: ke ka?ina hana enzymatic synthesis a me ke ka?ina hana ho?oma?ema?e.

Lawe ?ia ma ka waha, ho?opili koke ?ia, hydrolyzed i loko o ka ?ōpū a me ka ate i ka choline a me ka cytosine, e komo i ke kahe koko, e ?a?a i ka pale koko-lolo, a ho?ohui hou i loko o ka citicoline i loko o ka ?ōnaehana nūnū waena, kahi 80% o ka phospholipid synthesis i ho?opili ?ia e ka citicoline i loko o ke kino.

Eia kekahi, ua ho?ololi ?ia ka citicoline i ka acetylcholine i loko o ka ?ōnaehana nūnū waena a oxidized i betaine i loko o nā pu?upa?a a me nā ate. He maika?i ka wai ho?ohehe?e o citicoline, ?oi aku ka ki?eki?e o ka bioavailability e like me 90%, a ?oi aku ka li?ili?i ma lalo o 1% i ho?oku?u ?ia i loko o ka waihona ma hope o ka lawelawe waha. Aia he 2 peaks o ka absorption i loko o ka plasma, 1 hola a me 24 mau hola ma hope o ka ?ai ?ana.

Ma nā ?ano ?iole, ua pi?i mau ka pae o ka radiolabelled citicoline i loko o ka lolo 10 mau hola ma hope o ka ?ai ?ana a ua laha nui ?ia i ka mea ke?oke?o a me ka hina o ka lolo. Noho ka nui o ka nui i nā hola 48, a ua lohi loa kona ho?opau ?ana, me ka li?ili?i wale nō i ho?oku?u ?ia i kēlā me kēia lā ma o ka mimi, feces, a me ka hanu. Hiki i ka exogenous ingestion o citicoline ke ho?oikaika i ka ho?oponopono wikiwiki ?ana i nā membrane cell i hō?ino ?ia a me ka mitochondria, mālama i ka pono cell a me ka hana biological, a ke kāohi i ka apoptosis a me ka make.