?O Erythritol, ma ke ?ano he ?ano wai?ona kō, he wai?ona ko?iko?i maoli i ?ike nui ?ia i loko o nā melons, fungi, soy sauce, waina, a me nā mea inu ?awa?awa ?ē a?e, e like me xylitol, sorbitol, maltitol, he derivative o ke kō. [1] No laila, i kā mākou ?ai i kēlā me kēia lā, ?ai mākou a pau i ka nui a i ?ole ka li?ili?i o kēia mea. I ka makahiki 1848, ua ?ike ?o John Stenhouse, ke kāmeka Scottish i kēia waiwai, a ua ho?oka?awale maika?i ?ia i ka makahiki 1952.

Ua ?ike nā kānaka ?epekema ?o ka erythritol ?a?ole wale ka ?ono sucrose o 60-70% a he 0.21 calories wale nō ma ka gram o ka ikehu [3], he mea ho?i e ho?ololi li?ili?i i ke kō koko i loko o ke kino kanaka, no ka mea, ma hope o ka ?ai ?ana i ka erythritol, ?o ka hapa nui o ia mea e komo a ho?oku?u ?ia i loko o ka mimi. [4] Ma muli o kēia ?ano, ho?ohana ?ia ka erythritol e nā mea?ai a me nā mea inu e pani ai i ka sucrose.

I kēia manawa, ua ?ike nui ?ia ka erythritol a ho?ohana nui ?ia i nā mākeke honua a me Kina, a ?oi aku ma mua o 60 mau ?āina a me nā ?āina i ?ae i ka ho?ohana ?ana i ka erythritol i ka mea?ai, me ?Eulopa, ?Amelika Hui Pū ?Ia, Iapana, Kanada, Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, Turkey, Russia, India, Australia a me New Zealand. Ho?ohana ?ia ?o ia ma ke ?ano he mea maka no nā huahana like ?ole e like me nā mea inu, ka nau ?ana, ke kokoleka, ka candy, ka palaoa a me ka mea?ai olakino.

Eia kekahi, ua ho?okumu pū kēia mau mea maika?i o ka erythritol i kona kūlana ma ke ?ano he hōkū pani kō.

?O ka mea mua, pili loa ka ?ono o ka erythritol ma?ema?e a me ka sucrose i nā hi?ohi?ona momona, hō?olu?olu a ?a?ohe hope, a ?a?ole i loa?a ka "aftertaste" metala o kekahi mau mea ?ono synthetic, [5] ho?omaika?i i ke kūpa?a o ka maika?i o ka inu.

?O ka lua, ?oko?a ka erythritol non-glycemic i loko o ke kino o ke kanaka, ma kahi o 90% o ka erythritol i loko o ke kino ma hope o ke komo ?ana i loko o ka ?ōpū li?ili?i e komo i loko o ke koko, a ma waho o ka mimi, ma kahi o 10% wale nō i loko o ke kolonā, a hope loa e ho?oku?u ?ia. [4] Hā?awi kēia i ka po?e hiki ?ole ke ?ai i ke kō i kahi koho e ?ike hou i ka ?ono.

?O ke kolu, e pale i ka ?ili niho, pale i ke olakino o ka waha he pono ka erythritol i ke olakino o ka waha, ?a?ole e ho?opili ?ia ka erythritol e ka bacteria waha, a he hopena pale i ka streptococcus, hō?ike ?ia nā noi?i hiki i ka erythritol ke hō?emi i ka hana ?ana o ka plaque niho, a hiki ke pale i ka pala niho. Nui nā lollipops a nā keiki, e ho?ohana nā candies a nā keiki i ka erythritol ma ke ?ano he kumu ?ono.

4. ?O ka wela solubility ki?eki?e a me ka erythritol hygroscopic ha?aha?a loa?a ka waiwai hygroscopic ha?aha?a, crystallization maika?i, a ma?alahi ke ?oki ?ia i nā huahana pauka. ?O kona waiwai hygroscopic ka mea li?ili?i loa ma waena o nā mea ?ona a me nā mea ?ono sucrose. ?O ka wela wela o ka erythritol he -97.4J/g. Ma muli o ke ki?eki?e o ka ho?onā wela, ?oi aku ka nui o ka ikehu ke ho?ohehe?e ?ia i loko o ka wai a loa?a ka hopena ho?omaha ikaika. ?O ka mea?ai pa?a a me nā mea ?ono i hana ?ia me ia he ?ono ma?alili ke ?ai ?ia. [6]

?O ka ?oia?i?o, ua hana kekahi o nā ke?ena kūloko pili i kahi loiloi piha a hō?oia i ka palekana o ka erythritol. I ka honua, ua hō?oia ka World Health Organization (WHO), ka United States Food AND Drug Administration (FDA), ka European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), etc., i kona palekana, a ua ho?okomo ka Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (AND) i ka erythritol ma ke ?ano he mea?ai olakino.

I loko o ke kōpa?a pani maoli, ?oia?i?o, aia kekahi mau wahi "ki?eki?e".

No ka la?ana, ?o ka xylitol kahi mea ?ono maoli i lawe ?ia mai ka birch, oak, corncob, bagasse a me nā mea kanu mea kanu ?ē a?e, i ho?ohana nui ?ia i ka mea?ai ma?i ma?i a he mea ho?ololi ko?iko?i maoli.

Eia nō na?e, he mau hemahema ka "ka?ina hana" o xylitol: ?o ia ka hapa nui o ka hydrolysis acid acid, ?a?ole ia he "kūlohelohe". Eia kekahi, ?oiai ka ha?aha?a o ka caloric a me ka glycemic index o xylitol, ?a?ole ia he "zero", a ?oi aku ka nui o ka ho?ohana ?ana i nā hopena ?ino e like me ka bloating a me ka ma?i ma?i, a ha?aha?a ka ho?omanawanui.

?O ka ?oko?a, ?o ka erythritol he "kūlohelohe a olakino" ho?i mai kahi ka?ina hana, a ?o ia kekahi o nā wai?ona kō li?ili?i i hana ?ia e ka microbial fermentation.

?A?ole pa?akikī ka loa?a ?ana o nā mea pani kō e like me ka erythritol, ?oi aku ka ma?amau o ka haku mele ?ana a me ka hana ?ana, ?o ia nō ke koho mua no ka hapa nui o nā mea kū?ai aku e loa?a ai ka "kū?oko?a momona".