I kēia mau makahiki i hala iho nei, ua lilo ka ho?okē ?ai i mea punahele hou o ka ?epekema ?epekema, ua hō?ike ?ia ka ho?okē ?ai ?ana e lilo i ke kaumaha a ho?olō?ihi i ke ola o nā holoholona, ???oia?i?o, ke ulu nei ka helu o nā ha?awina e hō?ike ana i ka ho?okē ?ai ?ana he nui nā pono olakino, ho?omaika?i i ke olakino metabolic, pale a ho?opane?e paha i nā ma?i e hele mai me ka ?elemakule, a me ka ho?olō?ihi ?ana i ka ulu ?ana o nā ma?i koko.
Ua hō?ike ?ia ka ho?okē ?ai ?ana, e like me ka palena caloric, e ho?olō?ihi i ke ola a me ke ola olakino o nā holoholona ho?ohālike e like me ka hū, nā nematodes, nā nalo hua, a me nā ?iole. I loko o ke kanaka, ?o ka ho?okē ?ai ?ana a me ka wā lō?ihi, a me ka ho?opa?a ?ana i ka caloric ho?omau, loa?a nā hopena maika?i i nā ?āpana pili i ke olakino e loa?a paha kahi kumu mechanistic ma?amau, a aia nā hō?ike ikaika e ho?oponopono ai ka autophagy i kēia mau hopena.

Eia kekahi, ua pili like ka spermidine (SPD) me ka ho?onui ?ana i ka autophagy, anti-aging, a me ka hō?emi ?ana o nā ma?i cardiovascular a me neurodegenerative ma waena o nā ?ano.

Ma ?Aukake 8, 2024, nā mea noi?i mai ke Kulanui o Graz ma Austria, ka Sorbonne ma Paris a me ke Kulanui o Crete ma Helene i pa?i i kahi pepa i kapa ?ia ?o "Spermidine ka mea nui no ka ho?okē ?ai ?ana i ka autophagy" i loko o ka puke pai Nature Cell Biology a me ka lō?ihi "pepa noi?i.

Ua hō?ike ?ia nā ha?awina e pono ai ka spermidine no ka autophagy wikiwiki a me ka lō?ihi, a ?o ka ho?omaika?i ?ana o ke ola a me ke ola olakino ma ka ho?okē ?ai ?ana i nā ?ano he nui e pili ana i ka spermidine-dependent eIF5A-hypusination modification a me ka induction o autophagy.

I nā mammals, ho?emi ?ia nā makahiki i ka autophagy flux e ho?onui i ka hō?ili?ili o nā protein aggregates a me nā organelles dysfunctional, a me ka hiki ?ole o ka ho?oma?ema?e pathogen a me ka ho?onui ?ana i ka mumū.

?O ka pale ?ana i ka autophagy ma ka pae genetic i ho?olalelale i ke ka?ina hana kahiko i nā ?iole. ?O ka nalo ?ana o nā ho?ololi hana i nā genes e ho?oponopono a hana i ka autophagy ua ho?opili ?ia i ka ma?i cardiovascular, ma?i infectious, ma?i neurodegenerative, a me nā ma?i metabolic, musculoskeletal, maka, a me nā ma?i māmā, he nui nā mea e like me ka wā kahiko. ?O ka ho?ohālikelike, ho?oulu ?ia ka autophagy ma ka pae genetic e ho?oikaika i ka lō?ihi a me ka lō?ihi o ke ola olakino i nā holoholona ho?ohālike, me nā lele hua a me nā ?iole.

Ma waho a?e o nā hana mea?ai, ?o ka ho?ohana ?ana i ka polyamine spermidine kūlohelohe i nā holoholona ho?ohālike e like me ka hū, nā nematodes, nā lele hua, a me nā ?iole ?o ia ka ho?olālā e ho?olō?ihi i ke ola ma ke ?ano hilina?i autophagy. Eia kekahi, hiki i ka spermidine ke ho?iho?i hou i ka autophagy flux i ka circulating lymphocytes i ka po?e kahiko, i kūlike me ka nānā ?ana i ka ho?onui ?ia ?ana o ka spermidine mea?ai e pili ana me ka ho?emi ?ana i ka make holo?oko?a i loko o nā kānaka.

?O Spermidine kahi ?ano polyamine kūlohelohe e ola ākea i nā mea ola. I kēia mau makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hō?ike ?ia ka nui o nā ha?awina e loa?a ana i ka spermidine nā hopena anti-kahiko a ikaika.

No laila, ?o ka ho?okē ?ai ?ana, ka palena caloric, a me ka spermidine e ho?olō?ihi i ke ola o nā holoholona ho?ohālike a ho?āla i kahi phylogenetically conserved, autophagy dependent protection effect i ka wā ?elemakule. Ma kēia noi?i hou loa, ua ?imi hou ka hui noi?i inā pili a pili paha nā hopena pale geriatric o ka ho?okē ?ai manawale?a i ka spermidine.

Ua ?ike ka ha?awina i ka pi?i ?ana o nā pae spermidine i ka hū, nā nalo hua, nā ?iole a me nā kānaka ma lalo o nā ?ano ho?okē ?ai a i ?ole nā ????caloric restriction regimens. ?O nā genes a i ?ole nā ??lā?au lapa?au e ālai i ka endogenous spermidine synthesis e hō?emi i ka autophagy wikiwiki i ka hū, nā nematodes, a me nā pūnaewele kanaka.

Eia kekahi, hiki i ka ho?opili ?ana i ke ala polyamine i ke kino ke ho?opau i nā hopena lō?ihi o ka ho?okē ?ai ?ana i ka lō?ihi a me ke ola olakino, a me nā hopena pale o ka ho?okē ?ai ?ana ma ka pu?uwai a me nā hopena anti-arthritis.

Mechanically, spermidine mediates kēia mau hopena ma ka ho?oulu ?ana i ka autophagy a me ka hypusination o ka eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF5A. ?O ka polyamine-Hypusination axis he phylogenetically conserved metabolic regulatory hub i ka wikiwiki-mediated autophagy ho?onui a me ke ola ola.

Ma ke ?ano holo?oko?a, hō?ike ka ha?awina ?o ka ho?omaika?i ?ana o ka ho?okē ?ai ?ana i ka lō?ihi a me ke ola olakino ma nā ?ano he nui i hilina?i ?ia i ka spermidine-dependent eIF5A-hypusination modification a me ka induction o autophagy.