?A?ole wale ka hana ko?iko?i o ke ala biosynthesis amino acid i nā hana ola, akā ho?olaha pū i ka ho?omohala ?ana o ka hana amino acid maika?i a me ke kaiapuni a me ka biology synthetic i ka fermentation ?oihana. ?O nā protein ke kumu o ke ola, a ke pā?ani nei lākou i nā ?ano hana like ?ole i loko o nā cell, mai ke kāko?o kūkulu ?ana a hiki i ka catalyzing i nā hopena kemika. Ho?okumu ?ia nā protein āpau me 20 mau ?akika amino like ?ole i hana ?ia i loko o nā cell ma o nā ka?ina biosynthesis pa?akikī. ?O ka loa?a ?ana o 20 amino acids ua kokoke kokoke i ho?okahi haneli, e ho?omaka ana me ka ho?oka?awale mua ?ana o ka glycine e ka ?epekema Farani H. Braconnot ma 1820, a ho?opau me ka loa?a ?ana o threonine e W. Rose i 1935. ?O ka loa?a ?ana o kēia mau amino acids i komo i nā ?epekema he nui nona ka hana ?a?ole i hō?ike wale i ka ho?olālā a me nā waiwai o ka biochemistry ma hope. noi?i biology. ?O ka biosynthesis o nā waikawa amino ka mea nui o ka metabolism microbial composition. E alaka?i kēia ?atikala iā ?oe ma ke ?ano o ka ho?ohui ?ia ?ana o kēia mau amino acids mai nā molekole ma?alahi a pehea e ho?oka?awale ?ia ai. Ho?opili ?ia ka biosynthesis o nā ?akika amino āpau e nā ala lālā e ho?ohana ana i nā waena waena o nā ala metabolic waena e like me nā precursors. E like me ke ?ano o ka ho?omaka mua, hiki ke ho?oka?awale ?ia ka biosynthesis o nā waikawa amino i 5 mau pū?ulu: nā pū?ulu Glutamate, me ka glutamate (Glu), glutamine (Gln), proline (Pro) a me arginine (Arg). Ho?omaka ka synthesis o kēia mau ?akika amino me ka glutamate, kahi mole ko?iko?i ma ke ala metabolic waena. Aia ka ?ohana aspartate i ka aspartate (Asp), aspartamide (Asn), lysine (Lys), threonine (Thr), methionine (Met), a me isoleucine (Ile). Ho?omaka ka amino acid synthesis o kēia ?ohana me ka aspartic acid, ?o ia ho?i kahi huahana o nā ala metabolic waena. ?Ohana o nā ?akika amino ?ala, me ka phenylalanine (Phe), tyrosine (Tyr), a me ka tryptophan (Trp). Ho?omaka ka synthesis o kēia mau amino acids me ka erythrosis-4-phosphate (E4P) a me ka phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), ?elua mau molekele he mau mea ko?iko?i i waena o nā ala metabolic. ?O ka ?ohana serine ka serine (Ser), glycine (Gly), a me ka cysteine ????(Cys). Ho?omaka ka synthesis amino acid o kēia ?ohana me ka serine, ?o ia ka lālā lālā o nā ala biosynthetic he nui. ?O ka hui alanine ka alanine (Ala), valine (Val) a me ka leucine (Leu). ?Oiai no nā ?ohana like ?ole kēia mau amino acids, loa?a iā lākou nā ?ano like ?ole i ka wā synthesis, a ?o kēia mau hopena e ho?opili pinepine ?ia e ka papa like o nā enzymes.

?O Isoleucine, valine, a me leucine, ?oiai no nā ?ohana like ?ole, loa?a nā hopena like i ho?opa?a ?ia e ka enzyme like. ?O ka ho?ololi ?ana o ka serine i ka cysteine ??ka hopena nui o ka ho?oha?aha?a assimilative sulfate. Ua ho?omaka ka biosynthesis o ka hui amino acid aromatic e ka erythrosis-4-P a me PEP. He mea kūikawā ka biosynthesis o ka histidine, a ua loa?a mai kona ?ano kalapona mai ka phosphoribose pyrophosphate (PRPP). Ho?ohana ?ia ?elua mau C i loko o ka ribose o PRPP e kūkulu i ke apo imidazole 5 mau lālā, a ho?ohana ?ia ke koena e hana i ke kaulahao ?ao?ao 3C. He mea nui ka biosynthesis o nā waikawa amino i ka fermentation ?oihana. ?A?ole lākou he mea kumu nui o ka ulu ?ana o ka microbial a me ka hana metabolic, akā he kumu kumu nui no nā huahana fermented. ?O ka hana ?ana o nā waikawa amino e ka microbial fermentation hiki ke ho?okō i ka hana kūpono a me ka ha?aha?a ha?aha?a ?oiai e hō?emi ana i ka haumia o ke kaiapuni, he mea ko?iko?i ia no ka mea?ai, hānai, lā?au lapa?au a me nā ?oihana ?ē a?e.

Eia kekahi, ua ho?oikaika ka biosynthesis o nā waikawa amino i ka ho?omohala ?ana i ka biology synthetic a me ka ?enehana metabolic, e hiki ai ke hana i nā waikawa amino kiko?ī a me kā lākou derivatives e nā microorganism. ?A?ole kēia e ho?omaika?i wale i ka hana hana, akā hā?awi pū kekahi i kahi kahua no ka ho?omohala ?ana i nā huahana biotechnology hou a ho?onui hou i ka laulā noi o ka fermentation ?oihana.