Ua ?ike mākou a pau e hiki i ke ko?iko?i lō?ihi ke alaka?i i nā pilikia olakino a me ka no?ono?o, e like me ka hopohopo, ke kaumaha a me nā mana?o maika?i ?ole ?ē a?e, a me nā ma?i ?ai, nā ma?i kaumaha a me nā pilikia metabolic ?ē a?e. Nui ka po?e i mua o ke kaumaha, e hō?ike i ka ?ai ?ana i ka na?au (emotional eating), ?o ia ho?i, ma ka ?ai nui ?ana e ho?omaha i nā mana?o maika?i ?ole i ho?okumu ?ia e ke kaumaha. Ho?opili pinepine ?ia ka ?ai ?ana me ka nui o nā calorie, ?o ia kekahi o nā kumu pilikia no ka momona. No laila, he aha ke ?ano o ke kaumaha e ho?opilikia ai i ka ?ai? He aha ka pilina ma waena o ka tryptophan metabolism a me ka ?ai ?ana i ke kaumaha? No ka ho?oponopono ?ana i kēia mau pilikia, ua hana nā mea noi?i i kahi ?ano o ka ?imi kiko?ī.

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?O Tryptophan kekahi o nā waikawa amino pono i loko o ke kino o ke kanaka a me ka precursor o ka neurotransmitter 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HT, i ?ike ?ia ?o serotonin) i loko o ka lolo. Ua hō?ike ?ia kahi helu nui o nā ha?awina e pili pono ana nā ma?i tryptophan metabolism i nā ?ano ma?i no?ono?o, e like me ke kaumaha, hopohopo, schizophrenia a pēlā aku. I ka manawa like, pili pū ka tryptophan a me kāna metabolite 5-HT i ka ho?oponopono ?ana i ka makemake a me ke koena o ka ikehu. No laila, ma lalo o nā kūlana ko?iko?i ko?iko?i, e loli anei ka tryptophan metabolism? Pili kēia ho?ololi i ka ?ai ?ana i ke kaumaha? Me kēia mau nīnau i ka no?ono?o, ua hana nā mea noi?i i kahi ?ano o nā ho?okolohua kiko?ī.

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?O ka mea mua, ua ho?ohana nā mea noi?i i nā ?iole e ho?omohala i kahi kumu ho?ohālike e ?ai ai i ke kaumaha (CMS). Hā?awi lākou i nā ?iole i nā ?ano ko?iko?i ha?aha?a ha?aha?a ?ole, e like me ke ko?iko?i o ka ho?opa?a ?ana, nā hale ho?oluliluli, a me ka ?au?au wai anuanu, no 21 mau lā e ho?ohālikelike ai i nā pilikia ko?iko?i i ke ola maoli. Ua hō?ike ?ia nā hopena ma hope o 21 mau lā o ke ko?iko?i mau, ua hō?ike nā ?iole i ka hopohopo nui a me ke ?ano kaumaha. Ma ka ho?okolohua ākea ākea (OFT), ua pōkole loa ka manawa o nā ?iole hui CMS e noho ana ma ke kikowaena o ke kahua ākea, e hō?ike ana ua ho?onui ?ia ko lākou hopohopo. I ka ho?okolohua kau ?ana o ka huelo (TST), ua ho?opōkole nui ?ia ka manawa hakakā o nā ?iole i ka hui CMS, e hō?ike ana i ka mana?o nui o ka mana?olana. I ka manawa like, ua ho?onui nui ?ia ka ?ai ?ana o nā ?iole i ka hui CMS, akā ua emi nui ke kaumaha, e hō?ike ana ua ho?opilikia ?ia ko lākou makemake a me ka metabolism.

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Ma hope iho, ua hana nā mea noi?i i kahi loiloi metabolomic i mana?o ?ia o ka tryptophan metabolic pathway i ka serum mouse. Ua hō?ike ?ia nā hopena i hō?emi nui ?ia ka ma?i tryptophan serum o nā ?iole hui CMS, ?oiai ua ho?onui nui ?ia nā metabolites downstream 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) a me kynurenine. Ua hō?ike hou ?ia ka hō?ike ?ana o ka mRNA o tph1, kahi enzyme kī i ka synthesis o 5-hydroxytryptamine, ua ho?oha?aha?a nui ?ia i ka ?i?o o nā ?iole i loko o ka hui CMS, a ?o ka ?ike o ka 5-HT i loko o ka kolone i hō?ike ?ia i lalo. Hō?ike kēia i ke kaumaha mau loa e ho?opau i ka homeostasis o ka tryptophane-5-HT metabolic pathway i loko o ka ?ōpū o nā ?iole, e hopena i kahi imbalance o nā pae 5-HT peripheral.

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?Oiai ?a?ole hiki i ka tryptophan ke hele pololei i ka pale koko-lolo, ?o kāna metabolite 5-HT he hana ko?iko?i ma ke ?ano he neurotransmitter i loko o ka ?ōnaehana nerve waena a komo i ka ho?oponopono ?ana i nā ka?ina hana physiological e like me ke ?ano, ka ?ike a me ka ?ai. Ho?opili hou nā mea noi?i i nā loli i ka ?ōlelo o kekahi mau neuropeptides a me 5-HT receptors i komo i ka ho?oponopono ?ai i ka hypothalamus. Ua hō?ike ?ia nā hopena i ho?onui nui ?ia ke ko?iko?i ko?iko?i i ka hō?ike ?ana o nā neuropeptides e ho?oulu ai i ka makemake e like me AgRP a me OX1R, ?oiai e ho?oha?aha?a i ka hō?ike ?ana o nā mea ho?oweliweli e like me LEPR, MC4R a me 5-HT1B. Hō?ike kēia i ka haunaele o ke ala tryptophane-5-HT hiki ke alaka?i i ka hana hānai ?ai ?ole ma o ka ho?opili ?ana i ke kaapuni neural hypothalamic.

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No laila, hiki anei i ka ho?ohui ?ana me tryptophan ke ho?opau i ke ?ano o ke kaumaha a me ka ?ai ?ana? ?Elua mau kau o tryptophan (100mg/kg a me 300mg/kg) i hā?awi ?ia i nā ?iole CMS e ka gavage i kēlā me kēia lā no nā lā 21. Ua hō?ike ?ia nā hopena ma hope o 21 mau lā o ka hana ?ana me ka nui o ka tryptophan (300mg/kg), ua ho?omaika?i maika?i ?ia ka hopohopo a me ke ?ano kaumaha o nā ?iole i ka ho?okolohua ākea a me ka ho?okolohua ho?oku?u ?ana i ka huelo, a ua ho?oponopono ?ia ka ho?onui ?ana i ka mea?ai a me ke kaumaha o ke kaumaha. Ua hō?ike ?ia nā ha?awina hou a?e e hiki i ka hana tryptophan ki?eki?e ke kāohi i ka ho?oponopono ?ana i nā mea e ho?oulu ai i ka makemake e like me AgRP a me OX1R i ka hypothalamus i ho?oulu ?ia e ke ko?iko?i ma?amau, ?oiai e ho?iho?i i ka hō?ike ?ana o nā mea ho?oweliweli makemake e like me LEPR, MC4R, 5-HT1B a me 5-HT2C. He mea pono e ho?omaopopo ?oiai ?a?ole i hō?ike ?ia ka ho?omaika?i maika?i ?ana o ka hui ha?aha?a o tryptophan (100mg/kg), aia ke ?ano o nā loli i ka hypothalamic appetite e pili ana i ka hō?ike gene i ka pae mole.

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Ua hō?ike ?ia nā ha?awina molekula hou a?e i ka 5-HT, ma ka ho?opa?a ?ana i nā mea ho?okipa 5-HT1B a me 5-HT2C i ka hypothalamic POMC, AgRP a me nā neurons ?ē a?e, ke kāohi nei i nā neurons AgRP / NPY e ho?oikaika ai i ka makemake, ho?āla i nā neurons POMC e kāohi i ka makemake a ho?oikaika i ka ho?ohana ?ana i ka ikehu. Hā?awi kēia i ke kāko?o mīkini molekala ko?iko?i no ka ho?omaika?i ?ana i ka hānai na?au e ke ala tryptophan-5-HT.

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Ua ho?ohana pū nā mea noi?i i ka ?iole hypothalamic neuron cell line GT1-7 e hō?oia hou i ka hopena ho?oponopono o 5-HT ma nā neuropeptides pili i ka makemake. Ua mālama lākou i nā pūnaewele GT1-7 me 10μM o corticosterone (CORT) no nā hola 24 e ho?ohālike i nā kūlana ko?iko?i mau. Ua hō?ike ?ia nā hopena ua ho?onui nui ?ia ka hō?ike ?ana i nā genes e ho?oulu ai i ka makemake e like me AgRP a me OX1R e ka mālama ?ana i ka CORT, a?o ka hō?ike ?ana i nā genes inhibiting makemake e like me MC4R, 5-HT1B a me 5-HT2C ua ho?oponopono ?ia. Ma hope o ka ho?oma?ama?a mua ?ana me 0.1μM 5-HT no 2 mau hola, hiki ke ho?ohuli nui ?ia ka hō?ike ma?amau o CORt-induced AgRP a me nā genes ?ē a?e, a hiki ke ho?iho?i ?ia ka ?ōlelo o MC4R, 5-HT1B a me 5-HT2C. Ua hō?oia hou kēia i ka hopena ho?oponopono pololei o 5-HT ma nā neurons hypothalamic.

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Hō?ulu?ulu ?ikepili:

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Nā hopena o ke ko?iko?i ma?amau i ka homeostasis metabolism tryptophan i nā ?iole: ?O ke ko?iko?i ko?iko?i ka mea i emi ai nā pae tryptophan serum (P

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Ka hopena o ka tryptophan ma ka ?ai a me ke kaumaha-like ?ano i ho?oulu ?ia e ke ko?iko?i mau loa: ?O ka ho?onui ?ana i ka tryptophan supplementation ki?eki?e i ho?iho?i i ka ?ai ?ai ?ole a me ka pohō kaumaha i ho?oulu ?ia e ke ko?iko?i mau loa (P

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Nā hopena o ka ho?ohui ?ana o tryptophan ma nā neurons hānai hypothalamic a me nā mea ho?oponopono ?ai i nā ?iole ko?iko?i ko?iko?i: Ua hō?ike ?ia ka hō?ike ?ana o c-fos a me AgRP i ka ARC māhele o hypothalamus i ka pū?ulu ko?iko?i ma?amau, ?oiai ua ho?emi nui ?ia ka hō?ike o ka LEPR (P

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Nā hopena o tryptophan ma 5-HT metabolic alahele i ka hypothalamus o nā?iole ko?iko?i ko?iko?i: Serum tryptophan a me 5-HT pae i ho?onui nui ?ia ma hope o ka tryptophan supplementation (P

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Ma ke ?ano holo?oko?a, hō?ike kēia ha?awina ?o ke ko?iko?i ma?amau ke kumu o ka ho?ohaunaele ?ana i ka ?oihana ho?oponopono hypothalamic appetite ma o ka ho?opau ?ana i ke ala ho?okele tryptophane-5-HT, kahi e ho?oulu ai i ka ?ai ?ana. ?O ka ho?ohui ?ana i ka tryptophan exogenous, ?oi aku ka nui o nā koina ki?eki?e (300mg/kg), ho?iho?i i ke kikowaena 5-HT pae, ho?āla i ka hypothalamic 5-HT1B a me 5-HT2C receptors, kāohi i nā neurons AgRP/NPY, ho?āla i nā neurons POMC, a ho?omaika?i i nā pilikia pili i ke kaumaha a me nā ?ano ?ai ?ai ?ole.

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He mea ko?iko?i ko kēia hopena noi?i. I kēia mau lā wikiwiki, ola ko?iko?i, nui ka po?e e kū nei i nā pilikia pili i ke kaumaha a me nā pilikia kaumaha. Ua hō?ike nā ha?awina i ka wā lō?ihi o ke ko?iko?i e ho?oha?aha?a i ka pae tryptophan o ke kino, e emi iho ka 5-hydroxytryptamine synthesis, a laila alaka?i i kahi ?ano o nā ma?i neuroendocrine, e alaka?i ana i ke kaumaha, ka hopohopo a me nā mana?o maika?i ?ole, a me ka hyperappetite, ka momona a me nā pilikia metabolic ?ē a?e. Hō?ike kēia ha?awina i ke kuleana ko?iko?i o tryptophan a me kāna metabolite 5-hydroxytryptophan i ka axis ho?oponopono stress-emotion-appetite, e hā?awi ana i nā mana?o a me nā ala hou no ka ho?omaha ?ana i ke kaumaha a me ka ho?omaika?i ?ana i nā ma?i na?au a me nā pilikia kaumaha.

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Ma muli o nā ?ike, hā?awi nā mea noi?i i kekahi mau ?ōlelo a?oa?o mea?ai e kōkua i ka po?e e ho?okō maika?i i ke kaumaha. ?O ka mea mua, ?o ka ho?ohui kūpono o nā mea?ai momona tryptophan i ka ?ai i kēlā me kēia lā, e like me nā hua manu, cheese, nuts, bananas, oats, etc., hiki ke kōkua i ka ho?omaika?i ?ana i ke ki?eki?e o ka tryptophan i loko o ke kino, e ho?oikaika i ka synthesis o 5-hydroxytryptophan, a laila e ho?omaika?i ai i ke kūlana na?au a me ka pale ?ana i ke kaumaha. Eia nō na?e, pono e ho?omaopopo ?ia ?a?ole 100% ?ae a ho?ohana ?ia ka tryptophan i ka mea?ai. I ka manawa like, hiki i ka ho?onui ?ia ?ana o ka tryptophan nui lō?ihi (e like me ka ?oi aku ma mua o 500mg/kg) hiki ke hō?eha i ka pu?upa?a. No laila, i ka pā?ai ?ai i kēlā me kēia lā, hiki ke ho?ohui ?ia i ka tryptophan, mai ?ōlelo i ka ho?ohana nui ?ana i nā mea ho?ohui tryptophan.

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Eia kekahi, ?o ka ho?oma?ama?a ha?aha?a e like me ka jogging, ?au?au, yoga, a me nā mea ?ē a?e, hiki ke kōkua i ka ho?onui ?ana i ke ki?eki?e o ka tryptophan a me serotonin synthesis i loko o ke kino, ho?omaha i ke kaumaha a ho?omaika?i i ke ?ano. ?O ka loa?a ?ana o ka hiamoe, ka ho?omohala ?ana i ka mana?o maika?i a me ka mana?o maika?i, a me ke a?o ?ana i ka hō?ike ?ana i nā mana?o me ke kūpono, ?o ia nā ala maika?i a pau e pale aku ai i ke kaumaha. Ke kū nei i nā pilikia ko?iko?i ko?iko?i e like me ke kaumaha a me ka hopohopo, pono ia e ?imi i ka mālama psychological ?oihana i ka manawa.

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I ka hopena, hō?ike kēia ha?awina i ke ?ano o ka ?ai ?ana i ka na?au i ho?oulu ?ia e ke ko?iko?i mau mai ka mana?o o ka tryptophan metabolism, a hā?awi i kahi hi?ohi?ona hou no ka ho?omaha ?ana i ke kaumaha, ka ho?omaika?i ?ana i nā ma?i na?au a me nā pilikia kaumaha. ?Oiai pono nā ha?awina hou a?e no ka ho?onui ?ana i ka nui a me ka lō?ihi o ka tryptophan supplementation i ka mea?ai, ua hā?awi nā hopena o kēia noi?i iā mākou i nā mana?o hou no ka ho?olaha ?ana i ke olakino kino a me ka no?ono?o ma o ka ho?oponopono ?ana i ka mea?ai. Ke mana?o?i?o nei mākou ma o ka ?ai kaulike, ka ho?oma?ama?a ha?aha?a, ka hiamoe maika?i a me ka ho?okō ?ana i ka mana?o maika?i, hiki iā mākou ke kū mālie i ke kaumaha o ke ola a apo i kahi wā e hiki mai ana.