?O nā amino acids, peptides, proteins a me nā enzymes nā biomolecules e pā?ani i nā kuleana like ?ole i nā hana o ke ola, akā pili pū lākou a pili pū kekahi. Nā ?akika Amino ?O nā ?akika amino nā ?āpana kumu o nā pūmua a he mau molekala ko?iko?i nui ho?i i nā ?ōnaehana ola. Aia i loko o kahi hui amino (NH2), kahi hui carboxyl (COOH), a me kahi pū?ulu R. ?O ke ?ano o kahi kaulahao peptide kahi i ho?opili ?ia ai nā waikawa amino i kekahi i kekahi e nā pa?a peptide. I loko o ke kaulahao peptide, pili ka pū?ulu carboxyl o ho?okahi amino acid i ka pū?ulu amino o kekahi amino acid ma o kāna pa?a kalapona-oxygen. Ua kapa ?ia nā ?ao?ao ?elua o ke kaulahao peptide ka n-terminal a me ka C-terminal. Ke ?oi aku ka lō?ihi o ke kaulahao peptide ma mua o 100 amino acids, ua ho?okumu ?ia kahi kaulahao polypeptide. ?O ka polypeptide e pili ana i kahi kaulahao peptide i haku ?ia me 2-100 amino acids, hormones, enzymes, antibiotics, etc., he polypeptides, ?oi aku ka ma?alahi o ka synthesize a ho?ololi ma mua o nā protein. ?O nā protein nā kaulahao peptide i ?oi aku ma mua o 100 amino acids a loa?a ke kaumaha molecular ki?eki?e. I loko o nā pūnaewele, hiki ke ho?ohana ?ia nā protein e like me nā ?āpana hana. Eia kekahi, ua hana ?ia nā enzymes, nā hormones, nā pigment photosynthetic, a me nā mea ?ē a?e i nā protein. Nā Enzymes He mau mea ho?ohehe?e e ho?olalelale i nā hopena kemika. He mau molekole kūikawā lākou i hana ?ia me nā biomolecules e like me nā protein a i ?ole RNA a loa?a pinepine i kahi kiko?ī kiko?ī kiko?ī.

?O ke kuleana o nā amino acids, peptides, proteins a me nā enzymes i loko o nā mea kanu. Ma hope o ka lawe ?ana i nā waikawa amino, hiki i nā mea kanu ke hana koke i nā protein, nucleic acids a me nā biomolecules ?ē a?e, ka mea e ho?oikaika ai i ka ho?oka?awale ?ana o nā mea kanu a me ka ulu ?ana o ka ?i?o. Eia hou, hiki i nā amino acids i loko o ka malo?o o ka mea kanu, ka pa?akai, ka mahana ha?aha?a a me nā ko?iko?i ?ē a?e ke ho?omaika?i i ke kūpa?a o ka mea kanu, ho?oikaika i ka ulu ?ana o ka mea kanu. 2. Polypeptides: ?O nā polypeptides kahi mea nui o nā mea ho?oponopono ulu. Hiki i nā peptides ke ho?opili i ka transcellular signal transduction a me ka ulu ?ana a me ka ho?omohala ?ana ma o ka ho?opa?a ?ana i nā mea ho?okipa membrane. No ka la?ana, he mea ko?iko?i ka polypeptide auxin a me nā hormones polypeptide i ka ulu ?ana a me ka ulu ?ana o ka mea kanu a hiki ke ho?oikaika i ka ulu ?ana o ka mea kanu a me ka ulu a?a. Hiki i nā peptides ke pā?ani nui i ka pale ?ana i nā mea kanu, e like me ka hiki ke ho?oulu i ka hana ?ana o nā mea antioxidant i nā mea kanu a ho?onui i ke kū?ē ?ana o nā mea kanu i nā ma?i a me nā pōpoki.

3. Protein: He nui nā noi o ka Protein ma ke kahua o ka mahi?ai mahi?ai. Ma ke ka?ina o ka mahi ?ana i nā mea kanu, hiki ke ho?ohana ?ia ka protein ma ke ?ano he mea momona no ka mea kanu e komo a ho?oikaika i ka ulu ?ana o ka mea kanu. Eia kekahi, he hana ko?iko?i kekahi o nā hormones protein a me auxin i ka ho?oponopono ?ana i ka ulu a me ka ulu ?ana o ka mea kanu. Ho?ohana nui ?ia nā protein i ka biopesticide a me ka ho?oulu ?ana. 4. Nā Enzymes: He mea ko?iko?i nō ho?i nā Enzymes ma ke kahua o ka mahi?ai. No ka la?ana, hiki i kekahi mau enzymes ke ho?omaika?i i ka momona o ka lepo a me ka ho?ohana ?ana i ka wai, e pōmaika?i ai i ka ulu a me ka ulu ?ana o nā mea kanu. Aia kekahi mau enzymes i hiki ke ho?ohana ?ia no ka pale ?ana i nā mea kanu a me ka ho?omalu ?ana i nā mea kanu a me nā ma?i, e like me nā hydrolases e hō?emi ana i ke kū?ē ?ana o nā paia o nā mea kanu, hiki ?ole ke ola i nā microorganism a me nā mea ?ino.