?O Citicoline (cytidine 5-diphosphate choline, CDP-choline) he mea nui ia no ka hana?ana i nā phospholipids e like me ka phosphatidylcholine. Ho?okumu kēia mau moleke i nā membrane cell a me nā uhi a?alolo pale i loko o ke kino [1]. ?O Citicoline kahi mole pa?akikī ma mua o ka choline ma?amau, a i ?ole alpha-GPC, akā ?o ia ka mea i hana maoli ?ia i loko o ka lolo. I mea e pale aku ai i ka huikau, ua ho?oholo ka po?e ?epekema e kapa ?ia ?o "citicoline" i ka wā e ho?ohana ?ia ai ma ke ?ano he lapa?au a me "CDP-choline" ke hana ?ia i loko o ke kino [2]. I ka manawa e komo ai, ho?oku?u ia i ?elua pūhui: cytidine a me choline. Ma hope o ko lākou hele ?ana i ka pale koko-lolo, ho?ohana nā neurons i ka lolo e hana i ka citicoline a me nā phospholipids ?ē a?e [3]. Ho?onui ?o Choline i ka acetylcholine a me nā neurotransmitters ?ē a?e e mālama pono i ka ?ōnaehana nerve. Ho?ololi ke kino i ka citicoline i nā pūhui pono ?ē a?e. No laila, ?oi aku ka maika?i o ka citicoline a me nā hopena li?ili?i ma mua o ka choline ma?amau [4,5,3].

Pehea e hana ai

Ho?onui ka Citicoline i ka hana o nā neurotransmitters a me nā poloka kūkulu hale. Ma waho a?e o ka acetylcholine, ho?onui ia i ka norepinephrine a me ka dopamine i ka lolo [4,6]. Hiki iā ia ke ho?oikaika i ke kahe koko o ka lolo a ho?oulu i ka mitochondria e ho?onui i ka ikehu [4,5,2]. ?O nā pae kūpono o ka CDP choline e pale i ka phosphatidylcholine a me ka sphingomyelin, kahi e kūkulu ai i kahi membrane nerve pale i kapa ?ia ?o myelin. Ho?opili pū ?o Citicoline i ka enzyme inflammatory phospholipase A2 a ho?onui i ka glutathione antioxidant nui [7,8]. I ka hō?ulu?ulu?ana, hana?ia ka citicoline ma ke kaulike?ana i nā neurotransmitters a me ka pale?ana i ka pūnaewele'ōpiopio mai ka ho?onā?ana a me ka pō?ino pili makahiki [9,10,1].

Puna mea?ai

Ho?opili ke kino i ka citicoline mai ka cytidine a me ka choline. ?O ke ala maika?i loa e ho?onui ai i nā pae citicoline ma o ka mea?ai ?o ka ?ai ?ana i nā kumu mea?ai kūpono e hā?awi ai i nā mea ?elua. ?O nā mea?ai waiwai nui i ka Choline he [11,12] : ?O ka ?i?o (āpa?a) hua moa moa i?a Whole grains ?O Cytidine kahi RNA nucleoside i ho?opa?a nui ?ia i ka ?i?o (?oi aku ka ?i?o ?ōkana); Loa?a ia i loko o ka colostrum [13,14]. ?O nā mea ho?ohui Citicoline (Cognizin, Somazina) kekahi kumu kūpono o ka choline hou, me ka: choline alpha-GPC phosphatidylcholine lecithin

Hiki ke kūpono nā pono olakino o ka citicoline

1) Ho?onui i ka na?au

Ka emi ?ana o ka na?au e pili ana i ka makahiki E emi iho ana ka mana?o no?ono?o me ka makahiki ma muli o ka emi ?ana o ke kahe o ke koko i ka lolo a i ?ole no nā kumu ?ē a?e. Ua ho?oholo ?ia kahi loiloi o nā ho?okolohua lapa?au 14 e hiki i ka CDP-choline ke ho?omaika?i i ka ho?omana?o a me ke ?ano i nā ma?i me ka ha?aha?a ha?aha?a a me ka ha?aha?a ha?aha?a, me ka po?e me ka lolo o ka lolo [9]. Ma muli o ka ?ikepili mai ?oi aku ma mua o 2,800 mau mea ma?i ma?i, ma hope o ka loa?a ?ana o ka lā?au citicoline, ua nalowale nā ????pilikia ho?omana?o ma 21% o nā mea ma?i a ua ho?omaika?i ?ia ka ho?omana?o ma 45% o nā ma?i. Ua nele kēia ha?awina i nā mana placebo, no laila pono mākou e lawe i nā hopena me kahi hua pa?akai [18]. ?O Citicoline (1000mg no nā mahina 9) he pōmaika?i i nā po?e ma?i ma?i 350 me ka na?au ha?aha?a ha?aha?a no ka mea hiki iā ia ke [19] : E ho?oikaika i nā membrane nerve e ho?onui i nā pae norepinephrine a me dopamine e pale ai i ka pō?ino oxidative I ?ekolu mau ha?awina o 210 mau ma?i me ka dementia a me ka wikiwiki o ka lolo, CDP- ho?omaika?i i ka wikiwiki o ka lolo, ka ho?omana?o. ?O ke ki?eki?e o ka citicoline (2000mg), ?oi aku ka maika?i o ka hopena [20,21,22]. Nui ka po?e e ho?ohana i ka citicoline e ho?omaika?i i ka no?ono?o, ho?onui i ka ho?omana?o, a pale i ka emi ?ana o ka cognitive. E ?ike kākou i ka ?ōlelo a ka ?epekema e pili ana i kāna hana ma ke ?ano he pu?upu?u ... Ma nā ho?okolohua lapa?au ?elua ma 135 mau mākua olakino, citicoline (250-500mg) i ho?omaika?i i ka nānā a me ka no?ono?o no?ono?o [23,24]. ?O kahi inu i loko o ka caffeine a me ka CDP choline (250 mg) i ho?onui i ka hana cognitive a ho?emi i ka manawa pane i 60 mau mea manawale?a. ?O ka caffeine kahi mea ho?oulu i ?ike ?ia a ua kōkua paha ia i nā hopena [25]. I loko o 24 mau mākua olakino, ?oi aku ka nui o ka citicoline (500 a i ?ole 1000mg) i ho?omaika?i i nā māka cognitive like ?ole - ka wikiwiki o ka hana, ka hana a me ka ho?omana?o waha, ka hana ho?okō - akā aia wale nō i ka po?e me ka ?ilihune cognitive hiki [26]. Ma ka ha?awina ho?okahi, ?a?ohe hopena o nā mea ho?ohui i nā mea ho?okani waena a hiki i ka hiki ke hō?emi iki i ka na?au cognitive i nā mea hana ki?eki?e. [26] Ho?omāinoino ka cannabis i ka hiki ke no?ono?o. Ma ke a?o ?ana o 19 mau mea puhi mariuana, ?o citicoline (2,000 mg i kēlā me kēia lā no 8 mau pule) i hō?emi i nā pane impulsive a ho?omaika?i i ka hana cognitive. Ua makemake nā po?e a pau e ha?alele i ka puhi paka, a ua mana?o nā mea noi?i e hiki i nā hopena o ka citicoline ke kōkua iā lākou e alaka?i i kēlā ala [27,28]. Wahi a ka noi?i mua, hiki i ka citicoline ke ho?onui i ka no?ono?o a me ka no?ono?o no?ono?o, ?oi aku ho?i i nā po?e me ka hiki ?ole o ka na?au.

2) Ho?oponopono i ka ma?i ma?i

?O ka ?oki ?ana i ka hā?awi koko i kahi ?āpana lolo hiki ke pepehi i nā neurons a hō?eha nui i ka lolo. Hiki ke kōkua ?o Citicoline ma ka ho?oikaika ?ana i nā membrane nerve a me ka pale ?ana i ka hana radical manuahi [29,30]. Wahi a ka meta-analysis o ?ehā mau ho?okolohua lapa?au (?oi aku ma mua o 1,300 mau ma?i), ?o ka lawe ?ana i ka 2000mg o citicoline i loko o 24 mau hola ma hope o ka hahau ?ana i ho?onui i ka nui o ka ho?ōla piha ?ana e 38% [10]. Hō?ike nā ?ikepili mai nā mea ola ma mua o 4,000 i ka citicoline e ho?omaika?i i nā hopena a me ka ho?iho?i ?ana i ka AIDS; ?Oi aku ka maika?i o nā dosis ki?eki?e (2000-4000mg). ?A?ohe mana placebo i loko o kēia ha?awina, no laila ?a?ole hiki ke huki ?ia nā hopena pa?a [31]. ?Elua mau noi?i o nā mea ma?i ma mua o 3,000 i loa?a ?ole ka pōmaika?i nui o CDP-choline no ka hahau ?ana [32,33]. ?O nā lā?au lapa?au e ho?opau i ka clot ka mea i koho mua ?ia no ka hahau ?ana. Ua ho?oholo?ia nā mana?o ho?ohui?elua e hiki i ka citicoline ke hā?awi i nā pono hou a i?ole kōkua i nā ma?i i hiki?ole ke loa?a i kā lākou lā?au lapa?au makemake [34,35]. Hiki i ka ho?ohana ?ana i ka citicoline i ka manawa ke ho?omaika?i i ka ho?iho?i ?ana i ka hahau, akā ua kaupalena ?ia ka noi?i. ?O nā lā?au lapa?au e ho?opau i ka clot ka mea i koho mua ?ia no ka hahau ?ana.

3) Nā pilikia ?ike

E like me ka pale ?ana i nā a?alolo i loko o ka lolo a me ke kuamo?o, hiki i ka citicoline ke loa?a ka hopena maika?i like i ke a?alolo optic. Hiki iā ia ke ho?ohuli i ka pō?ino i nā neurons retinal a kōkua i ka mālama ?ana i nā ma?i o ka maka e like me [1] : Optic neuropathy Glaucoma Amblyopia Glaucoma ?O ka pi?i ?ana o ke kaomi maka a me nā mea ?ē a?e hiki ke hō?ino i ke a?alolo optic a alaka?i i ka glaucoma, i kekahi manawa alaka?i i ka makapō piha [36]. I loko o?elua mau ho'ā?o ho?okolohua i nā ma?i glaucoma 80, ua ho?oponopono hou ka citicoline waha lō?ihi i ka pō?ino o ke a?alolo, ho?omaika?i i ka?ike, a ho?olō?ihi i ka pi?i?ana o ka ma?i [37,38]. ?O nā hā?ule o ka maka Citicoline i hō?ike i nā hopena like i ?elua mau ho?okolohua lapa?au ?ē a?e (68 mau ma?i) [39,40]. ?O Amblyopia, a i ?ole "maka palaualelo," hiki ke kama?ilio maika?i ka maka a me ka lolo. Hiki iā ia ke hana i ka ?ike pōkā ma ka maka ho?okahi. [41] I loko o ?ekolu mau ho?okolohua lapa?au o nā keiki 190, ua ho?omaika?i ka citicoline waha i ka mālama ?ana i ka amblyopia ma?amau (eye patch) [42,43,44]. ?O ka ho?okomo ?ana i ka CDP choline (1000mg i kēlā me kēia lā) ho?ōla i ke a?alolo optic a ho?omaika?i i ka ?ike ma 10 mau mākua me ka amblyopia. He li?ili?i ka li?ili?i o ka ha?awina a nele i nā mana placebo, no laila ua kānalua nā hopena [45]. Optic neuropathy ?O ka neuropathy optic kekahi ?ano ?eha a?alolo optic e ho?opilikia ai i ka ?ike. I nā ma?i 26 me ka neuropathy optic, citicoline (1600mg / lā no 2 mau mahina) i ho?omaika?i i ka ?ike ma o ka ho?oponopono ?ana i ka ?eha nerve [46]. ?A?ole lawa nā hō?ike ?A?ohe hō?ike lapa?au kūpono e kāko?o i ka ho?ohana ?ana i ka citicoline no ka mālama ?ana i kekahi o nā ma?i ma kēia ?āpana. ?O kēia ka hō?ulu?ulu o nā noi?i holoholona, ????nā ha?awina pili pūnaewele, a i ?ole nā ??ho?okolohua lapa?au ha?aha?a e pono ai e ho?omaka i ka ho?okolokolo hou. Eia na?e, ?a?ole pono ?oe e wehewehe iā lākou me ke kāko?o ?ana i nā pono olakino.

4) ?Eha lolo

Hiki i ke kaumaha oxidative, autoimmune reactions, a me nā toxins kaiapuni ke ho?opō?ino nui i ka lolo. Mālama ?o Citicoline i ka lolo a me ke kuamo?o mai kēia mau ko?iko?i ma o ka pale ?ana i ka sheath myelin o nā cell a me ka ho?onui ?ana i nā neurotransmitters ko?iko?i. ?O ka ma?i o Alzheimer Ma nā ho?okolohua lapa?au ?ekolu, ?o Citicoline (1000mg i kēlā me kēia lā no 1-3 mau mahina) i ho?omaika?i i nā hō?ailona o ka ma?i o Alzheimer [47,48,49] : ?O ka ho?omaika?i ?ana i ka hana no?ono?o i ho?oulu ?ia ke kahe o ke koko i ka lolo i ho?emi ?ia nā pae o nā molekole inflammatory (histamine a me IL1B) Eia na?e, ?o ka nele o nā mana placebo i nā ha?awina ?elua i nīnau ?ia nā hopena. I ke kolu o ka noi?i ?ana, ?oi aku ka maika?i o nā mea ma?i me kahi genetic predisposition i ka ma?i Alzheimer (APOE-e4 carriers). He ?ike ko?iko?i kēia no ka mea ?oko?a ka pane ?ana o nā mea lawe APOE-e4 (a ?oi aku ka hewa) i nā hana like ?ole [48,50]. Ua ho?onui ?o Citicoline i ka hopena o ka lā?au lapa?au no ka ma?i o Alzheimer a ho?olō?ihi i ka holomua o ?elua mau ho?okolohua nānā (?oi aku ma mua o 600 mau ma?i) [51,52]. I nā ?iole me ka ma?i o Alzheimer, mālama ka citicoline i nā a?alolo mai ka ho?ololi ?ana i ka protein a ho?emi i ke kahe koko. ?O ka hopena, ua li?ili?i nā ?iole i nā hemahema cognitive a ho?omaika?i i ka ho?omana?o [53]. Hiki ke kōkua ?o Citicoline i ka mālama ?ana i ka ma?i o Alzheimer a ho?omaika?i i ka mālama ma?amau, akā nāwaliwali nā hō?ike lapa?au e kū nei. ?O ka ma?i o Parkinson ?O ka luku ?ana i nā neurons dopamine i ka ma?i o Parkinson ke kumu o ka ?i?o ?o?ole?a, ha?alulu, a me nā hō?ailona ?ē a?e. I nā ?iole me ka ma?i o Parkinson, ho?opau ka citicoline i ka ?o?ole?a o ka ?i?o ma o ka ho?onui ?ana i nā pae dopamine i ka lolo. Ho?onui ia i ka hopena o ka mālama ma?amau [54,55]. Multiple sclerosis ?O ka luku ?ia ?ana o ka pu?u myelin o ka pepa nerve waho hiki ke ho?oulu i ka sclerosis lehulehu, hele pū ?ia me ka hō?ino kino a me ka na?au. I nā holoholona me ka nui o ka sclerosis, ua ?ike nā kānaka ?epekema i ka hiki o ka citicoline e ho?onui i ka ho?iho?i ?ana o ka myelin a me ka ho?ohui ?ana i ka ka?a [56,57].

5) Nā ma?i no?ono?o a me ka ho?ohui i ka lā?au

Ke kaumaha Ma kahi noi?i o nā ma?i 50, ho?ohui i ka citicoline i kahi antidepressant (citalopram) i ho?omaika?i i nā hō?ailona depressive a me ka ho?iho?i ?ana [58]. I nā?iole, ho?onui ka CDP-choline i nā norepinephrine, dopamine, a me nā serotonin i loko o ka ho?omana?o o ka lolo, na?au, a me nā kikowaena ne?e [59,60]. ?O ka methamphetamine a me ka cocaine addicts Ua hō?emi ?o Citicoline i nā hō?ailona depressive ma 60 methamphetamine (meth) addicts, akā ?a?ohe hopena i ka ho?ohana lā?au (2000 mg / lā no 3 mau mahina). Ma kahi noi?i ?ē a?e o 31 methamphetamine addicts, citicoline i pale i ka lolo a ho?emi i ka ho?ohana lā?au [61,62]. Ma mua o 130 cocaine addicts me ka ma?i bipolar, citicoline (500-2,000 mg no 3 mahina) ho?emi i ka ho?ohana lā?au akā ?a?ole i pili i ke ?ano. Eia nō na?e, i ka ho?ā?o ?ana o nā mea ho?ohana cocaine kaumaha 20, ?a?ohe hopena [63,64,65]. Ua ho?oholo ka loiloi o ?eiwa mau ho?ā?o e loa?a i ka citicoline kahi pōmaika?i li?ili?i i ka ho?ohui ?ana i ka lā?au, ?oi aku ka cocaine, akā ua hō?ike ?ia i ka pono o nā hō?ike lapa?au ikaika [66]. Ho?onui ka Citicoline i ka hopena o ka mālama ma?amau i nā ma?i 66 me ka schizophrenia. Ho?omaika?i ia i nā hō?ailona i kapa ?ia ?o "negative" e like me ka dullness na?au, ke kama?ilio maika?i ?ole, a me ka ?o?ole?a. He pa?akikī loa kēia e mālama me nā lā?au lapa?au ma?amau [67]. I loko o 24 mau mākua olakino, ho?onui ka CDP-choline i ka cognition ma o ka ho?oulu ?ana i ka nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, ka mea ma?amau i ka schizophrenia [26]. Ke ho?ohiki nei nā ha?awina mua, akā ?a?ole lawa nā hō?ike e kāko?o i ka ho?ohana ?ana i ka citicoline e mālama i nā ma?i no?ono?o a me ka ho?ohui i ka lā?au.