Raws li cov pej xeem thoob ntiaj teb muaj hnub nyoog, cov kab mob muaj hnub nyoog ntev xws li ntshav qab zib, ntshav siab thiab rog rog tau nce siab, thiab cov kab mob metabolic no ua rau muaj lub nra hnyav rau cov neeg laus thiab ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov kab mob plawv. Lub plawv kuj hloov pauv tsis zoo nrog lub hnub nyoog, thaum kawg ua rau muaj ntau yam kab mob plawv.

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Kab mob plawv (CVD) yog ib qho kev hem thawj rau tib neeg lub neej thiab kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov kab mob uas tshwm sim, feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov neeg muaj hnub nyoog 50 xyoo, muaj qhov tshwm sim siab, muaj kev tsis taus thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev tuag siab. CVD yog txuam nrog myocardial fibrosis, txo autophagy, nce mitochondrial oxidative kev nyuaj siab thiab metabolic tsis txaus. Yog li ntawd, kev kho mob ntawm qhov ua rau ntxov ntawm CVD tseem yog ib qho teeb meem ceev hauv kev tshawb fawb niaj hnub thiab kev kho mob.

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Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, ntau cov kev tshawb fawb tau qhia txog kev siv cov khoom ntuj tsim los tiv thaiv thiab kho CVD. Cov khoom lag luam ntuj yog cov chav kawm loj ntawm cov chaw tshuaj lom neeg nrog ntau yam kev ua haujlwm lom neeg, tau txais los ntawm cov khoom noj thiab tshuaj ntsuab. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm cov khoom siv ntuj tsim kho hauv CVD suav nrog: stimulating autophagy, ncua ventricular remodeling, txo oxidative kev nyuaj siab thiab inflammatory teb, inhibiting apoptosis, thiab tiv thaiv lub plawv cov leeg tiv thaiv ischemia los yog ischemia / reperfusion (I / R) raug mob.

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Ntuj cov khoom thiab lawv cov mechanisms ntawm kev ua

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Txhim kho autophagy

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Kev laus cardiomyocytes vam khom rau autophagy, lysosomal mediated degradation txoj hauv kev, kom tshem tawm cov kab mob toxic protein aggregates thiab puas organelles. Kev poob ntawm autophagy tuaj yeem ua rau lub plawv tsis ua haujlwm. Mammalian lub hom phiaj ntawm rapamycin (mTOR), ib tug serine / threonine protein kinase, yog ib qho tseem ceeb regulator ntawm kev noj haus homeostasis nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj. Kev ua kom mTOR inhibits autophagy, thaum AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) ua raws li kev tswj hwm zoo ntawm autophagy, feem ntau los ntawm inhibiting mTOR complex.

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Resveratrol yog lub ntuj polyphenol pom nyob rau hauv ntau cov zaub mov cog, xws li txiv laum huab xeeb, cranberries, blueberries, thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Nws muaj ntau yam txiaj ntsig kev noj qab haus huv, suav nrog tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj tua kab mob antioxidant, tiv thaiv kev laus thiab kev tiv thaiv cardio xws li txhim kho autophagy. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias resveratrol tuaj yeem txhawb nqa autophagy los ntawm kev ua kom AMPK los ntawm ntau txoj hauv kev. Tsis tas li ntawd, resveratrol tuaj yeem ua rau muaj sia nyob ntawm tes los ntawm kev ua kom txoj kev ciaj sia ntawm mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2).

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Berberine yog muab rho tawm los ntawm cov hauv paus hniav, rhizome thiab cov tawv ntoo ntawm ntau cov nroj tsuag tshuaj thiab muaj ntau yam pharmacological teebmeem, nrog rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, antioxidant thiab autophagy tswj. Raws li AMPK activator, berberine tuaj yeem ua rau autophagy los ntawm kev ua kom AMPK thiab tuaj yeem txhim kho autophagy los ntawm inhibiting mTOR.

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Curcumin yog cov txuj lom tau los ntawm tsev neeg Ginger thiab feem ntau siv rau hauv curries. Curcumin tuaj yeem ua rau autophagy los ntawm inhibiting PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway, down-regulating phosphorylation theem ntawm AKT thiab mTOR, nce-regulating LC3-II, txhim khu kev qha ntawm BECN1, txo cov kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm BECN1 thiab BCL-2, thiab txhim kho acetylation ntawm FoxO.

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Inhibits oxidative kev nyuaj siab thiab mob ntev

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Kev ntxhov siab oxidative thiab mob ntev yog cov kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb hauv cov kab mob CVD. Kev mob tshwm sim tsis tu ncua hauv cov neeg laus thiab yog qhov muaj feem pheej hmoo rau CVD. Kev tswj hwm ntawm qhov mob thaum ntxov tuaj yeem tiv thaiv lossis ncua qhov tshwm sim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm CVD.

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Sesamin yog cov roj ntau tshaj plaws-soluble lignin hauv cov noob hnav thiab roj thiab muaj ntau yam tshuaj siv tshuaj, suav nrog cov tshuaj tua kab mob antioxidant thiab tiv thaiv kab mob. Sesamine tuaj yeem tswj hwm qhov kev qhia ntawm PPARγ, LXRα thiab ABCG1, txhawb nqa cov roj cholesterol tawm hauv macrophages, thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tiv thaiv cov roj cholesterol los ntawm oxidized LDL, yog li tiv thaiv kev tsim cov hlwb ua npuas ncauj hauv macrophages.

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Lycopene yog ib txwm tshwm sim acyclic carotenoid pom nyob rau hauv chloroplasts thiab chromosomes ntawm cov nroj tsuag, thiab nyob rau hauv lub cytoplasm ntawm tej eukaryotes xws li eubacteria thiab algae. Cov pov thawj kev kis mob qhia tau hais tias cov ntshav lycopene concentration yog inversely txuam nrog CVD kev pheej hmoo. Lycopene neutralizes reactive oxygen hom (ROS), txo cov macrophage secretion ntawm pro-inflammatory cytokines thiab metalloproteinases, inhibits cov nqaij mos cell proliferation, thiab txo monocytes. Lycopene tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov lus teb inflammatory los ntawm inhibiting NF-κB ua kom, thiab nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov metabolism hauv heterobiotic los ntawm kev ua kom Nrf2/ARE transcriptional pathway.

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Ginger yog ib tsob nroj monocotyledonous uas yog cov genus Zingiberaceae. Ginger muaj cov khoom tshwj xeeb uas tshem ROS, suav nrog peroxides. Tag nrho cov khoom xyaw nquag hauv Ginger, xws li curcumin, gingerol, thiab gingerone, tau qhia txog kev ua haujlwm antioxidant. [6]- Gingerol tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ua haujlwm ntawm superoxide dismutase (SOD) los ntawm kev ua kom lub PI3K / AKT signaling txoj hauv kev thiab txo ROS ntau lawm thiab malondialdehyde tsim nyob rau hauv neonatal nas cardiomyocytes. Tsis tas li ntawd, Ginger Extracts nplua nuj nyob rau hauv 6-curcumin Tej zaum yuav ua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv antioxidant los ntawm inducing Nrf2. Qhov tseem ceeb, cov kev tiv thaiv kab mob vascular ntawm cov qhiav yog kho los ntawm ntau lub tswv yim, suav nrog kev txo qis oxidative kev nyuaj siab thiab o, nce nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, inhibiting vascular du leeg cell proliferation, thiab txhawb autophagy.

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Inhibition ntawm myocardial remodeling

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Cov kev hloov pauv uas tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm mob plawv, suav nrog kev txhim kho pathological myocardial remodeling, yog cov paub txog kev kwv yees ntawm CVD. Cov txheej txheem kho myocardial yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm lub cev thiab cov molecular uas ua rau cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, fibrosis, thiab myocardium o, thaum kawg ua rau muaj zog ventricular, lub plawv tsis ua haujlwm, thiab thaum kawg lub plawv tsis ua haujlwm. Angiotensin II txhawb nqa cardiomyocyte hypertrophy thiab txhawb nqa fibroblast proliferation thiab extracellular matrix protein qhia. AMPK ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho CVD, thiab AMPK tsis txaus ua rau lub plawv dhia ntau dua thiab ua rau lub plawv muaj kev cuam tshuam rau lub plawv tsis ua haujlwm.

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Cytokine transforming kev loj hlob yam tseem ceeb β1 (TGF-β1) plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv inducing cardiac fibroblasts kom sib txawv rau hauv plawv fibroblasts. FoxO1 yog ib qho kev hloov pauv uas cuam tshuam nrog apoptosis, oxidative kev nyuaj siab thiab kev sib txawv ntawm tes. TGF-β1 txhawb nqa FoxO1 qhia, thiab hauv plawv fibroblasts, TGF-β1 txo FoxO1 phosphorylation, nce FoxO1 nuclear localization, nce FoxO1 protein ntau ntau, thiab txhawb kev sib txawv ntawm plawv fibroblasts rau hauv plawv fibroblasts.

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Baicalin yog ib qho ntuj tsim tawm los ntawm cov hauv paus hniav qhuav ntawm scutellaria baicalensis. Baicalin inhibits siab dhau-vim mob plawv fibrosis los ntawm kev hloov kho AMPK/TGF-β/Smads signaling pathways. Cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm baicalin suav nrog kev tswj hwm ntawm lub plawv fibrosis hauv vivo thiab hauv vitro los ntawm kev ua kom lub AMPK / TGF-β / Smads signaling txoj hauv kev. Baicalin kuj inhibits Smad3 thiab nuclear translocation ntawm Smad3 nrog transcription co-activator p300, yog li tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm angiotensin II-mediated cardiac fibrosis.

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Epicatechin yog lub ntsiab bioactive polyphenol nyob rau hauv ntsuab tshuaj yej thiab yog ib tug haib antioxidant. Epicatechin txo qis angiotensin II thiab kev ntxhov siab ntau dhau-kho mob plawv hypertrophy. Epicatechin inhibits qhov kev qhia ntawm angiotensin II-induced c-Fos thiab c-Jun proteins, yog li inhibiting AP-1 kev ua. Tsis tas li ntawd, epicatechin tuaj yeem inhibit NF-κB kev ua haujlwm los ntawm kev thaiv ROS-dependent p38 thiab JNK signaling pathways, thiab inhibition of AP-1 activation yog los ntawm epicatechin inhibiting kev loj hlob ntawm plawv hypertrophy los ntawm kev thaiv EGFR transactivation thiab nws cov xwm txheej downstream ERK/PI3K/AKT/mTOR/p7, qhov kawg ntawm kev ua rau p7. B-hom sodium Reactivation ntawm urinary peptides thiab inhibition ntawm kev mob plawv hypertrophy. Epicatechin tseem inhibits angiotensin II-induced ROS ntau lawm thiab NADPH oxidase qhia, yog li inhibiting plawv hypertrophy thiab kho plawv.

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Qhov kev tshuaj xyuas no qhia txog qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm cov khoom ntuj tsim los tiv thaiv thiab kho cov kab mob plawv. Raws li cov pej xeem thoob ntiaj teb muaj hnub nyoog, cov kab mob uas muaj feem cuam tshuam txog kev laus tau dhau los ua teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv rau pej xeem. Cov khoom ntuj tsim tau dav siv hauv kev tiv thaiv thiab kev kho mob ntawm ntau yam kab mob vim lawv cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb thiab kev nyab xeeb siab.

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Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias ntau yam khoom siv ntuj xws li resveratrol, berberine, curcumin, lycopene, qhiav, baicalein, epicatechin, ellagic acid, honokiol, poria, tanshinone IIA thiab marigonin E muaj ntau yam kev ua haujlwm hauv kev txhim kho autophagy, inhibiting oxidative kev nyuaj siab, myocardial infarction, inhibiting myocardial rhiab heev, o thiab inhibiting ischemia / reperfusion raug mob. Cov khoom lag luam ntuj no ua lub luag haujlwm tiv thaiv kab mob plawv los ntawm kev tswj hwm ntau yam kev taw qhia, xws li mTOR, AMPK, NF-κB, Nrf2, thiab lwm yam.

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Tsis tas li ntawd, kev noj zaub mov kom tsim nyog, xws li nce kev noj cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub, noj cov tshuaj yej ntsuab, thiab lwm yam, yuav pab txo qis kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov kab mob plawv. Ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb txog kab mob kis thoob ntiaj teb thiab kev sim tshuaj ntsuam xyuas txhawb qhov kev pom no. Hauv particular, tej yam ntuj tso xws li catechins nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj yej ntsuab, lycopene nyob rau hauv txiv lws suav, thiab gingerol nyob rau hauv Ginger tau qhia txog kev tiv thaiv kab mob plawv.

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Txawm li cas los xij, txawm hais tias cov khoom ntuj tau cog lus zoo hauv kev tiv thaiv kab mob plawv thiab kev tswj hwm, tseem muaj qee qhov kev sib tw thiab kev txwv. Piv txwv li, bioavailability ntawm qee cov khoom ntuj yog tsawg, lub tswv yim ntawm kev txiav txim tsis muaj kev nkag siab tag nrho, thiab kev soj ntsuam kev ua tau zoo yuav tsum tau tshawb xyuas ntxiv. Tsis tas li ntawd, tej zaum yuav muaj kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom ntuj sib txawv, thiab kev ua kom zoo ntawm kev siv ntau npaum li cas thiab lub sijhawm ntawm kev kho mob kuj yuav tsum tau tshawb fawb ntxiv.