Amino acid biosynthesis txoj hauv kev tsis tsuas yog ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv lub neej kev ua ub no, tab sis kuj txhawb txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev ua tau zoo thiab ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg amino acid ntau lawm thiab hluavtaws biology hauv kev lag luam fermentation. Proteins yog lub hauv paus ntawm lub neej, thiab lawv ua si ntau lub luag haujlwm hauv cov hlwb, los ntawm cov qauv kev txhawb nqa mus rau catalyzing tshuaj. Tag nrho cov proteins yog tsim los ntawm 20 qhov sib txawv amino acids uas tau tsim hauv cov hlwb los ntawm cov txheej txheem biosynthesis complex. Qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm 20 amino acids tau ncua ze li ib puas xyoo, pib nrog thawj qhov kev sib cais ntawm glycine los ntawm Fabkis chemist H. Braconnot hauv 1820, thiab xaus nrog kev tshawb pom ntawm threonine los ntawm W. Rose hauv 1935. Kev tshawb pom ntawm cov amino acids tom qab ntawd koom nrog ntau tus kws tshawb fawb uas nws ua haujlwm tsis tsuas yog qhia txog cov qauv thiab cov khoom ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm cov amino acid molecules. kev tshawb fawb. Lub biosynthesis ntawm amino acids yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm microbial muaj pes tsawg leeg metabolism. Tsab ntawv xov xwm no yuav coj koj mus txog yuav ua li cas cov amino acids tau tsim los ntawm cov molecules yooj yim thiab lawv tau faib li cas. Lub biosynthesis ntawm tag nrho cov amino acids yog synthesized los ntawm branching txoj kev siv intermediates ntawm central metabolic txoj kev ua precursors. Raws li hom pib ua ntej, biosynthesis ntawm amino acids tuaj yeem muab faib ua 5 pawg: Glutamate pawg, suav nrog glutamate (Glu), glutamine (Gln), proline (Pro) thiab arginine (Arg). Lub synthesis ntawm cov amino acids pib nrog glutamate, ib tug tseem ceeb molecule nyob rau hauv ib tug central metabolic txoj kev. Cov tsev neeg aspartate suav nrog aspartate (Asp), aspartamide (Asn), lysine (Lys), threonine (Thr), methionine (Met), thiab isoleucine (Ile). Cov amino acid synthesis ntawm tsev neeg no pib nrog aspartic acid, uas kuj yog ib yam khoom ntawm central metabolic txoj kev. Tsev neeg ntawm aromatic amino acids, xws li phenylalanine (Phe), tyrosine (Tyr), thiab tryptophan (Trp). Lub synthesis ntawm cov amino acids pib nrog erythrosis-4-phosphate (E4P) thiab phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), ob lub molecules uas kuj tseem ceeb intermediates hauv metabolic txoj kev. Cov tsev neeg serine suav nrog serine (Ser), glycine (Gly), thiab cysteine ??(Cys). Cov amino acid synthesis ntawm tsev neeg no pib nrog serine, uas yog branching point ntawm ntau txoj kev biosynthetic. Cov pab pawg alanine suav nrog alanine (Ala), valine (Val) thiab leucine (Leu). Txawm hais tias cov amino acids no muaj nyob rau hauv cov tsev neeg sib txawv, lawv muaj cov kev cuam tshuam zoo sib xws thaum lub sij hawm sib txuas, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no feem ntau yog catalyzed los ntawm tib chav kawm ntawm enzymes.

Isoleucine, valine, thiab leucine, txawm hais tias yog cov tsev neeg sib txawv, muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo sib xws los ntawm tib lub enzyme. Kev hloov pauv ntawm serine rau cysteine ??yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tseem ceeb ntawm assimilative sulfate txo. Biosynthesis ntawm aromatic amino acid pawg tau pib los ntawm erythrosis-4-P thiab PEP. Lub biosynthesis ntawm histidine yog tshwj xeeb, thiab nws cov carbon thav duab yog muab los ntawm phosphoribose pyrophosphate (PRPP). Ob lub C's nyob rau hauv ribose ntawm PRPP yog siv los tsim lub nplhaib 5-membered imidazole, thiab tus so yog siv los tsim 3C sab saw. Biosynthesis ntawm amino acids plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam fermentation. Lawv tsis yog tsuas yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm microbial kev loj hlob thiab kev ua haujlwm metabolic, tab sis kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb raw khoom rau ntau yam khoom fermented. Kev tsim cov amino acids los ntawm microbial fermentation tuaj yeem ua tiav cov khoom tsim tau zoo thiab tus nqi qis thaum txo cov pa phem ib puag ncig, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau zaub mov, pub, tshuaj thiab lwm yam lag luam.

Tsis tas li ntawd, biosynthesis ntawm amino acids tau txhawb txoj kev loj hlob ntawm hluavtaws biology thiab metabolic engineering, ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tsim cov amino acids tshwj xeeb thiab lawv cov derivatives los ntawm cov kab mob. Qhov no tsis tsuas yog txhim kho kev tsim khoom, tab sis kuj muab lub platform rau kev txhim kho cov khoom siv thev naus laus zis tshiab thiab nthuav dav ntxiv rau kev siv ntau yam ntawm kev lag luam fermentation.