Amino acids, peptides, proteins thiab enzymes yog tag nrho cov biomolecules uas ua lub luag haujlwm sib txawv hauv cov dej num ntawm lub neej, tab sis lawv kuj muaj kev sib raug zoo thiab sib cuam tshuam. Amino acids Amino acids yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov proteins thiab kuj tseem ceeb heev organic molecules nyob rau hauv lub neej. Nws muaj cov amino pawg (NH2), pawg carboxyl (COOH), thiab pawg R. Cov qauv ntawm cov saw peptide uas cov amino acids txuas rau ib leeg los ntawm peptide bonds. Hauv cov saw peptide, pawg carboxyl ntawm ib qho amino acid txuas nrog cov amino pawg ntawm lwm cov amino acid los ntawm nws daim ntawv cog lus carbon-oxygen. Ob qhov kawg ntawm peptide saw yog hu ua n-terminal thiab C-terminal. Thaum qhov ntev ntawm cov saw peptide ntau tshaj 100 amino acids, cov saw hlau polypeptide yog tsim. Polypeptide yog hais txog cov saw peptide muaj li ntawm 2-100 amino acids, cov tshuaj hormones, enzymes, tshuaj tua kab mob, thiab lwm yam, yog polypeptides, uas feem ntau yog yooj yim rau synthesize thiab hloov dua li cov proteins. Proteins yog peptide chains uas muaj ntau tshaj 100 amino acids thiab muaj qhov hnyav molecular. Hauv cov hlwb, cov protein tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom siv. Tsis tas li ntawd, enzymes, tshuaj hormones, photosynthetic pigments, thiab lwm yam, kuj yog ua los ntawm cov proteins. Enzymes Enzymes yog cov catalysts ua kom cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Lawv yog cov molecules tshwj xeeb ua los ntawm biomolecules xws li cov proteins lossis RNA thiab feem ntau muaj cov substrate tshwj xeeb.

Lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov amino acids, peptides, proteins thiab enzymes hauv cov nroj tsuag 1. Amino acids: Amino acids tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom noj rau cov nroj tsuag kom txhim kho lawv txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob. Tom qab nqus cov amino acids, cov nroj tsuag tuaj yeem tsim cov proteins, nucleic acids thiab lwm yam biomolecules, uas txhawb nqa cov cell faib thiab cov ntaub so ntswg loj hlob. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov amino acids hauv cov nroj tsuag drought, ntsev, tsis tshua muaj kub thiab lwm yam kev ntxhov siab tuaj yeem txhim kho cov nroj tsuag, txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag. 2. Polypeptides: Polypeptides yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov nroj tsuag kev loj hlob regulators. Peptides tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov teeb liab intracellular thiab kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob los ntawm kev khi rau daim nyias nyias receptors. Piv txwv li, polypeptide auxin thiab polypeptide cov tshuaj hormones ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov nroj tsuag kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob thiab tuaj yeem txhawb cov nroj tsuag kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob hauv paus. Peptides tseem tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov nroj tsuag tiv thaiv kab mob, xws li tuaj yeem tsim cov tshuaj antioxidant hauv cov nroj tsuag thiab txhim kho cov nroj tsuag tiv thaiv kab mob thiab kab tsuag.

3. Protein: Protein muaj ntau yam kev siv hauv kev cog qoob loo. Hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev cog qoob loo, cov protein tuaj yeem siv los ua cov chiv chiv rau cov nroj tsuag kom nqus thiab txhawb cov nroj tsuag kev loj hlob. Tsis tas li ntawd, qee cov tshuaj hormones protein thiab auxin kuj ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj cov nroj tsuag kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob. Proteins kuj tau siv dav hauv biopesticide thiab tiv thaiv kev yug me nyuam. 4. Enzymes: Enzymes kuj tseem ceeb heev hauv kev ua liaj ua teb cog qoob loo. Piv txwv li, qee cov enzymes tuaj yeem txhim kho cov av fertility thiab kev siv dej, uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov nroj tsuag kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob. Kuj tseem muaj cov enzymes uas tuaj yeem siv rau kev tiv thaiv cov nroj tsuag thiab tswj cov kab tsuag thiab kab mob, xws li hydrolases uas txo qhov tsis kam ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm cov nroj tsuag, ua rau cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob tsis zoo kom ciaj sia.