Ka ?n? ?g?g? nd? mmad? n? n'?wa na-akawanye nká, ?r?a nd? na-ad?gh? ala ala nke met?tara af? d?ka ?r?a shuga, ?bara mgbali elu na oke ibu na-ar? elu, ?r?a nd? a na-ebute ?r?a metabolic na-etinye ibu ar? n'ah? nd? agadi ma na-abawanye ohere nke ?r?a obi. Obi na-agbanwekwa nke ?ma na af?, n'ikpeaz? na-eduga n'?t?t? ?r?a obi met?tara af?.

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?r?a obi na-ar?a ?r?a obi (CVD) b? ihe egwu d? egwu na nd? mmad? na ah?ike nke ?r?a nd? a na-ah?kar?, nke na-emekar? na nd? mmad? kar?r? af? 50, na-enwe nnukwu nsogbu, nnukwu nkwar? na àgwà ?nw? d? elu. A na-ejik?ta CVD na fibrosis myocardial, mbelata autophagy, mm?ba mitochondrial oxidative na enwegh? ahagh? nhata nke metabolic. Ya mere, ?gw?gw? nke mmalite ihe kpatara CVD ka b? nsogbu ngwa ngwa na sayens? ?gbara ?h?r? na nlek?ta ah?ike.

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N'ime iri af? nd? na-ad?begh? anya, ?t?t? nch?p?ta ak?wap?tala iji ngwaah?a sitere n'okike maka mgbochi na ?gw?gw? nke CVD. Ngwaah?a sitere n'okike b? nnukwu klas nke ?l? ?r? kem?kal? nwere ?t?t? ihe omume ndu, nke enwetara site na osisi oriri na ?gw?. Nnyocha egosiwo na usoro nke usoro ?gw?gw? ngwaah?a eke na CVD g?nyere: na-akpali akpali autophagy, na-egbu oge imezighar? ventricular, ibelata nr?gide oxidative na nzaghachi mkpali, igbochi apoptosis, na ichebe akwara obi megide ischemia ma ? b? ischemia / reperfusion (I / R) mmer? ah?.

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Ngwaah?a eke na usoro ?r? ha

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Autophagy emelitere

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Cardiomyocytes merela agadi na-adabere na autophagy, ?z? nbibi nke lysosomal, iji wep? ihe nch?k?ta protein nwere ike na-egbu egbu na ak?k? ah? mebiri emebi. ?nw? nke autophagy nwere ike ibute mbelata ?r? obi. Ebumnuche an? mammalian nke rapamycin (mTOR), protein kinase serine/threonine, b? ihe d? mkpa na-ach?kwa homeostasis oriri na-edozi ah? na an? mamma. ?kwalite mTOR na-egbochi autophagy, ebe AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) na-ar? ?r? d? ka onye na-ah? maka nhazi nke autophagy, nke b? isi site na igbochi mgbagwoju anya mTOR.

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Resveratrol b? polyphenol sitere n'okike d? n'?t?t? nri osisi, d? ka ah?ekere, cranberries, blueberries, na mkp?r? va?n. ? nwere uru ah?ike d? iche iche nwere ike, g?nyere mgbochi mkpali, antioxidant, mgbochi ?ka nká na mmet?ta nchebe cardio d? ka autophagy kwalitere. Nnyocha egosiwo na resveratrol nwere ike ?kwalite autophagy site na ?gbalite AMPK site na ?z? d? iche iche. Na mgbakwunye, resveratrol nwere ike ?kpalite nd? cell site na ?gbalite ?z? nd? mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2).

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A na-ewep?ta Berberine site na mgb?r?gw?, rhizome na ogbugbo nke ?t?t? osisi ?gw? ma nwee mmet?ta d? iche iche nke ?gw?, g?nyere mgbochi mkpali, antioxidant na autophagy. D? ka AMPK activator, berberine nwere ike ime ka autophagy site na ?gbalite AMPK ma nwee ike ?kwalite autophagy site na igbochi mTOR.

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Curcumin b? ose sitere na ezin?l? ginger na-ejikar? eme ihe na curries. Curcumin nwere ike ?kpata autophagy site na igbochi ?z? akara PI3K-AKT-mTOR, na-ach?kwa ?kwa phosphorylation nke AKT na mTOR, na-ach?kwa LC3-II, na-eme ka nkwup?ta nke BECN1 d?kwuo elu, na-ebelata mmek?r?ta d? n'etiti BECN1 na BCL-2, na ?kwalite acetylation nke Fox.

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Na-egbochi nr?gide oxidative na mbuf?t na-ad?gh? ala ala

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Nchegbu oxidative na mbuf?t na-ad?gh? ala ala b? isi mgbanwe mkp?r? nd? ihe na-eme na pathophysiology nke CVD. Mbuf?t na-ar? ?r? mgbe nile na nd? agadi ma b?r? ihe ize nd? maka CVD. Usoro mmalite nke mbuf?t nwere ike igbochi ma ? b? igbu oge ihe omume na ?ganihu nke CVD.

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Sesamin b? lignin kachas? mma na-soluble mman? na mkp?r? sesame na mman? ma nwee ?r? d? iche iche nke ?gw?, g?nyere antioxidant na mgbochi mkpali. Sesamine nwere ike imeziwanye ngosip?ta nke PPARγ, LXRa na ABCG1, na-akpali mmep?ta nke cholesterol na macrophages, ma na-egbochi mkpok?ta cholesterol nke ?ma site na LDL oxidized na-ebute, si otú a na-egbochi imep?ta mkp?r? nd? ?f?f? na macrophages.

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Lycopene b? acyclic carotenoid nke a na-ah?kar? na chloroplasts na chromosomes nke osisi, yana cytoplasm nke ?f?d? eukaryotes d? ka eubacteria na algae. Ihe akaebe gbasara ?r?a na-egosi na mkpok?ta lycopene serum na-ejik?ta ya na ihe ize nd? CVD. Lycopene na-ewep? ?d? oxygen na-emeghachi omume (ROS), na-ebelata macrophage secretion nke cytokines pro-inflammatory na metalloproteinases, na-egbochi mm?ba cell muscle d? nro, ma na-ebelata monocytes. Lycopene nwere ike igbochi nzaghachi mkpali site na igbochi NF-κB ar? ?r?, ? p?kwara imet?ta metabolism heterobiotic site n'?kwalite ?z? Nrf2 / ARE transcriptional.

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Ginger b? osisi monocotyledonous nke sitere na genus Zingiberaceae. Ginger nwere ihe p?r? iche na-ekpochap? ROS, g?nyere peroxides. Ihe niile na-ar? ?r? na ginger, d? ka curcumin, gingerol, na gingerone, egosila ?r? antioxidant. [6] - Gingerol nwere ike ?bawanye ?r? superoxide dismutase (SOD) site na ?gbalite ?z? akara PI3K/AKT ma belata mmep?ta ROS na nhazi nke malondialdehyde na cardiomyocytes nke ?m? ?h?r?. Na mgbakwunye, ginger extracts bara ?ba na 6-curcumin nwere ike ?kpata mmet?ta antioxidant site n'?kwalite Nrf2. N'?z? doro anya, mmet?ta nchebe vask?la nke ginger na-edozi site na usoro d? iche iche, g?nyere ibelata nr?gide oxidative na mbuf?t, ?ba ?ba nitric oxide (NO) njik?, na-egbochi vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, na ?kwalite autophagy.

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Mgbochi nke myocardial remodeling

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Mgbanwe nhazi nke na-eme n'oge ?ka nká nke obi, g?nyere mgbanwe mgbanwe myocardial pathological na-aga n'ihu, b? nd? ama ama nke CVD. Usoro ngbanwe nke myocardial b? mgbanwe nke physiological na molecular nke na-eduga na hypertrophy cardiomyocyte, fibrosis, na myocardium mbuf?t, n'ikpeaz? na-eduga n'?gba ?ba nke ventricular, ar? ?r? obi na-ad?gh? mma, na n'ikpeaz? nk?da obi. Angiotensin II na-akwalite hypertrophy cardiomyocyte ma na-akpali mgbasa nke fibroblast na okwu protein matrix extracellular. AMPK na-ar? ?r? d? mkpa na mmepe nke CVD, na ?k? AMPK na-eme ka hypertrophy obi d?kwuo nj? ma na-eme ka obi d?kwuo mfe maka ?da mbà n'obi.

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Ihe na-eme ka cytokine na-agbanwe β1 (TGF-β1) na-ar? ?r? d? mkpa n'?kwalite fibroblasts nke obi ka ? d? iche na fibroblasts obi. FoxO1 b? ihe ederede na-etinye aka na apoptosis, nr?gide oxidative na ?d?iche cell. TGF-β1 na-akpali okwu FoxO1, na na fibroblasts obi, TGF-β1 na-ebelata FoxO1 phosphorylation, na-eme ka FoxO1 nuklia localization, na-abawanye ?kwa protein FoxO1, ma na-akwalite ?d?iche nke fibroblasts obi obi n'ime fibroblasts obi.

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Baicalin b? ihe okike sitere na mgb?r?gw? akp?nw? nke sutellaria baicalensis. Baicalin na-egbochi fibrosis obi na-ebute nr?gide site n'?gbanwe ?z? akara AMPK/TGF-β/Smads. Mmet?ta d? mma nke baicalin g?nyere nhazi nke fibrosis obi na vivo na in vitro site na ?gbalite ?z? akara AMPK/TGF-β/Smads. Baicalin na-egbochikwa Smad3 na ntughar? nuklia nke Smad3 na transcription co-activator p300, si otú a na-egbochi mmepe nke angiotensin II-mediated obi fibrosis.

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Epicatechin b? polyphenol b? isi bioactive na tii tii ma b?r? antioxidant siri ike. Epicatechin na-ebelata angiotensin II yana oke nr?gide obi na-akpata hypertrophy nke obi. Epicatechin na-egbochi okwu nke angiotensin II na-ebute c-Fos na protein c-Jun, si otú a na-egbochi ?r? AP-1. T?kwas? na nke ah?, epicatechin nwere ike igbochi ?r? NF-κB site n'igbochi ROS-based p38 na JNK ?z? mgbaàmà, na nkw?s? nke AP-1 activation b? ihe kpatara epicatechin na-egbochi ?ganihu nke hypertrophy obi obi site na igbochi EGFR transactivation na ihe nd? d? n'okpuru ala ERK / PI3K / AKT / mTOR / mTOR / mTOR nke na-eduga na njedebe na-eduga na njedebe. peptide na ?d? B-?d? sodium Mweghachi nke peptides urinary na mgbochi nke ?ganihu hypertrophy obi obi. Epicatechin na-egbochikwa mmep?ta ROS nke angiotensin II na okwu NADPH oxidase, si otú a na-egbochi hypertrophy obi na imeghar? obi.

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Nyochaa a na-ak?wap?ta ikike nke ngwaah?a eke maka mgbochi na ?gw?gw? ?r?a obi. Ka ?n? ?g?g? nd? bi na ?wa na-akawanye nká, ?r?a obi na-akpata ?ka nká na-agh? nnukwu nsogbu ah?ike ?ha. A na-eji ngwaah?a eke eme ihe n'?t?t? ebe na mgbochi na ?gw?gw? ?r?a d? iche iche n'ihi na ha d? oke mkpa na nchekwa d? elu.

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Nnyocha egosiwo na ?d? ngwaah?a d? iche iche d? ka resveratrol, berberine, curcumin, lycopene, ginger, baicalein, epicatechin, ellagic acid, honokiol, poria, tanshinone IIA na marigonin E nwere ?t?t? usoro nke ime ihe n'?kwalite autophagy, na-egbochi nr?gide oxidative na-ad?gh? ala ala, na-egbochi myocardium, na-egbochi myocardium, na-egbochi myocardial. ischemia / reperfusion mmer? ah?. Ngwaah?a nd? a sitere n'okike na-ar? ?r? nchebe obi site n'?hazi ?z? d? iche iche nke mgbaàmà, d? ka mTOR, AMPK, NF-κB, Nrf2, wdg.

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T?kwas? na nke ah?, àgwà nri ezi uche d? na ya, d? ka ?ba ?ba nke mkp?r? osisi na akw?kw? nri, ??? obere tii tii, wdg, nwere ike inye aka belata ihe ize nd? nke ?r?a obi. ?t?t? nch?p?ta ?r?a na-efe efe na ule ?l? ?gw? na-akwado echiche a. Kar?s?a, ogige nd? sitere n'okike d? ka catechins na tii green, lycopene na tomato, na gingerol na ginger egosila mmet?ta nchebe d? ukwuu nke obi.

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Otú ? d?, ? b? ezie na ngwaah?a nd? sitere n'okike nwere nkwa d? ukwuu n'?h?a nke igbochi na ?ch?kwa ?r?a obi, a ka nwere ?f?d? ihe ?ma aka na njedebe. D?ka ?m?maat?, bioavailability nke ?f?d? ngwaah?a sitere n'okike d? ala, agh?tagh? usoro ihe omume nke ?ma, yana ? d? mkpa ka a ch?p?takwuo ar?m?r? ?l? ?gw?. Na mgbakwunye, enwere ike inwe mmek?r?ta n'etiti ngwaah?a nd? sitere n'okike d? iche iche, na njikar?cha usoro onunu ogwu na oge ?gw?gw? ch?kwara nyocha ?z?.