Na nar? af? nke agha d? n'etiti mmad? na ?r?a cancer, ?d?d? na-enye mgbe niile ihe ngosi iji dozie nsogbu ah? n'?z? nd? a na-at?gh? anya ya. N'af? nd? na-ad?begh? anya, monosaccharide nke yiri ka ? b? nk?t? - Mannose - agh?wo ihe a na-elekwas? anya n'?wa nile nke nch?p?ta sayens? n'ihi ihe p?r? iche na-egbochi ?r?a cancer. Nke a hexose, nke a na-ach?ta n'?t?t? ebe na cranberries na citrus mkp?r? osisi, esiwo na-akwado ?r? na ubi nri na-eduga ?r? na tumor metabolism nnyocha, na-ekpughe ihe ?h?r? ak?k? nke sugar bekee na ?kp?r? nke nd?. Edemede a ga-enyocha nke ?ma ka mannose si agbanwe mpaghara ?gw?gw? ?r?a kansa site n'ak?k? an?: nyocha b? isi, usoro omume, mgbanwe ?l? ?gw? na at?manya ?l? ?r?.

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Isi nke Mb?: Mgbanwe Ngh?ta: Mgbochi ?r?a Cancer edemede nke Molecules d? ?t?

1.1 Paradigm Shift na nyocha Carbohydrate

N'echiche ?d?nala, a na-ah?ta shuga (carbohydrates) d? ka "ego ume ike". Kar?s?a glucose, d? ka ihe b? isi nke iku ume cellular, egosiputala njik? d? n'etiti mmebi metabolic ya na mmepe ?r?a cancer. Otú ? d?, nch?p?ta ?ganihu nke Cancer Research UK bip?tara na akw?kw? ak?k? Nature na 2018 deghar?a ak?k? a kpamkpam - nd? otu nyocha kwadoro na nke mb? na mannose nwere ike ?h?r? igbochi mm?ba nke mkp?r? nd? kansa site na itinye aka na usoro metabolic nke tumor, na-enwechagh? mmet?ta na an? ah? nk?t?. Nch?p?ta a ab?gh? naan? na-at?ghar? echiche nke "shuga niile na-akwalite ?r?a kansa", ma na-emepekwa ?g? ?h?r? maka ?gw?gw? usoro ?gw?gw? metabolic.

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1.2 Nch?p?ta ndu nke Mannose

D? ka onye isomer nke glucose, a na-ekesa mannose na steeti efu na epidermis nke mkp?r? osisi d? ka citrus na ap?l na okike, ma ? b? na-ekere òkè na ?mep?ta membranes ndu n'?d? glycoproteins. N'ime ah? mmad?, mannose b? phosphorylated iji mep?ta mannose-6-phosphate (M6P), nke na-agh? mkp?r? nd? ihe na-egosi isi maka nhazi enzyme lysosomal. Nnyocha ?l? ?gw? na mb? ekpughere usoro ya iji gbochie ?r?a urinary tract: site n'?s? as?mpi na-ejik?ta nd? na-anabata nje bacteria, ? na-egbochi nch?kwa ha na urothelium. àgwà ?ma a ewep?tala ihe mgbakwunye nri d? iche iche gbadoro ?kw? na mannose, mana ach?p?tara ike ya na-egbochi ?r?a kansa butere mm?ba d? ukwuu na uru ?r? ya.

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Isi nke Ab??: Ndozi sayens?: Mj? at? nke Mannose megide ?r?a Cancer

2.1 Metabolic Hijacking: Wep? usoro mkp?r? nd? kansa nke “riri ah? shuga”

Mmet?ta Warburg nke mkp?r? nd? tumo (nke ka na-adabere na glycolysis maka ume ?b?na na gburugburu ebe ikuku oxygen) na-enyere aka iweta glucose ha ruru okpukpu iri kar?a nke sel nk?t?. Otu nd? Britain ch?p?tara site na tekn?z? isotope na-ach?p?ta na mgbe mannose banyere n'ime mkp?r? nd? kansa, hexokinase na-eme ka ? na-emep?ta M6P ma na-akwak?ba n'?ba n'ime mkp?r? nd?. Nke a "pseudo-metabolite" ? b?gh? nan? na-ejigide ?wa nke glucose transporter (GLUT), ma na-as?mpi igbochi ?r? nke phosphoglucose isomerase, na-akpata na-enwegh? isi intermediate na glycolysis na tricarboxylic acid okirikiri, n'ikpeaz? ?kpalite ?gba aghara ike na mkp?r? nd? kansa (Nyocha 1).

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2.2 Epigenetics: Imeghari microenvironment tumor

Nnyocha nke Mahadum Fudan bip?tara na Cell Metabolism na 2023 gara n'ihu kpughee na mannose nwere ike gbanwee mmebi nke epigenetic na mkp?r? nd? kansa site na ?hazi ?kwa histone acetylation. Nnwale egosiwo na n'ime mkp?r? nd? kansa nke pancreatic nke a na-eji mannose eme ihe, a na-ebelata ogo acetylation nke mpaghara nkwalite nke oncogene MYC, na ?r? nt?ghar? ya na-egbochi nke ukwuu. Mmet?ta mm?ghar? nke epigenetic a na-ebelata njirimara mkpasu iwe na nke ak?r? nke mkp?r? nd? etuto, na-enye oke echiche maka mmepe nke ?gw? epigenetic jik?tara ?n?.

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2.3 Njik?ta Immune: Wep? "Cloak Invisibility" nke PD-L1

Ihe na-agbawa obi kar?a b? na otu nd? otu ah? ch?p?tara na mannose nwere ike ilekwas? anya na usoro mgbanar? tumor. Site na nyocha nke uka spectrometry, nd? nch?p?ta kwadoro na mannose na-egbochi mp?ak?ta ziri ezi na akp?kp? ah? nke protein PD-L1 site na itinye aka na mgbanwe N-glycosylation ya. Protein PD-L1, nke na-efunah? "nche anw? nche" nke yinye shuga, nwere ike imebi ya ma mebie ya, si otú ah? na-ewep? mgbaàmà mgbochi na sel T. N'?d? òké melanoma, nchikota mannose na mgbochi PD-1 m?bara ?n? ?g?g? nl?ghachi az? tumor ruo 78%, kar?a nke otu ?gw?gw? (Nyocha 2).

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Isi nke At?: Site na ?l? nyocha gaa na ?l? ?gw?: ?z? mgbap? nke ?gw? nt?ghar? as?s?

3.1 Ihe ?r?ba ama nke nyocha izizi

N'ime ?t?t? nnwale an?man?, mannose egosip?tala ikike mgbochi ?r?a cancer sara mbara. Otu nd? Britain tinyere aka na oke ?d? ?r?a cancer pancreatic nwere mmiri ? drinking? 20% manose wee ch?p?ta na uto nke etuto ah? na-egbu oge ihe ruru 40%, na enwegh? oke imeju ma ? b? ak?r? nsi. ?b?na ihe na-akpali akpali kar?, mgbe ejiri ya na gemcitabine mee ihe, oge nd? nke ?m? oke na-agbat? oge 2.3, na-at? aro uru chemotherapy na-eme ka ? d? mma. Nnwale nkwado nke onwe ya na MD Anderson Cancer Center na United States egosila na mannose na-ad?kwa irè megide ?d? ?r?a cancer na-emeghar? anya d? ka ?r?a ara ara na-ad?gh? mma nke at? na glioblastoma.

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3.2 Nyochaa nke ?ma nke nnwale mmad?

N'agbanyegh? nnukwu data preclinical, ule mmad? na-eche ihe ?ma aka p?r? iche ihu. Nnwale ?l? ?gw? nke Phase I (NCT05220739) malitere na 2022 b? nke mb? nyochara nchekwa nke mannose ?n? na nd? ?r?a nwere etuto siri ike d? elu. Ihe omuma nke mbu gosiputara na ndi oria n’ime otu dose 5g kwa ubochi nwere nnabata di nma, na onodu DNA nke na-ekesa etuto ah? (ctDNA) na ufodu ebelatala nke ukwuu. Agbanyegh?, mgbe dose ah? rigoro ruo 10g, ihe d?ka 15% nke nd? ?r?a nwere af? ?s?sa d? nro, na-at? aro mkpa ? d? ?kwalite usoro onunu ogwu.

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3.3 Ihe mgbochi tekn?z? maka nr?p?ta ?l? ?r?

? b? ezie na mannose a na-am?p?ta n'okike d? mma, ? na-ach? ?gw? d? oke elu iji ruo mkpok?ta mgbochi ?r?a cancer (nke ya na iri kilogram 5 nke kranber? kwa ?b?ch?), b? nke kpalitere ihe ?h?r? tekn?z? na bayoloji s?ntetik. Ka ? d? ugbu a, Escherichia coli nke a na-emep?ta site na mkp?r? nd? ihe nketa nwere ike ?bawanye mmep?ta mannose ugboro 20, ebe catalysis nke enzyme na-ad?gh? ah?kebe na-ebelata ?n? ah?a mmep?ta ihe n'okpuru $50 kwa kilogram. T?kwas? na nke ah?, nkà na ?z? encapsulation nano-liposome nwere ike ?bawanye ar?m?r? nke nnyefe ezubere iche tumor ruo 80%, na-ekpochap? ?z? maka mgbanwe ?l? ?gw?.

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Isi nke an? esemokwu na nt?ghar? uche: Echiche oyi na Carnival nke Sayens?

4.1 Mmet?ta "mma agha ihu ab??" nke ntinye aka nke metabolic

? d? mma ?mara na mannose ab?gh? panacea. ?f?d? mkp?r? nd? kansa na-ebu mm?ghar? nke mannose phosphate isomerase (PMI) nwere ike ?t?ghar? mannose-6-phosphate n'ime fructose-6-phosphate, nke na-eme ka mm?ba glycolytic d?kwuo elu. Ach?p?tara ihe omume “?z? mgbap? nke metabolic” n'ihe d? ka 7% nke ihe nlele ?r?a cancer colorectal, na-at? aro mkpa ? d? imep?ta akara nyocha n'otu n'otu.

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4.2 Eke ≠ Nchekwa: The Art of Dosage Control

? b? ezie na akwadoro mannose maka iji nri d? ka ihe GRAS (A na-amatakar? d? ka Nchekwa), nsi ya na-ad?te aka na ?gw? mgbochi ?r?a cancer ka kwes?r? iji ya kp?r? ihe. Nnwale ?m? an?man? ach?p?tala na ?nyà d? elu na-aga n'ihu nwere ike ibute ?r?a eriri af?, yana n'?ba nke ?f?d? nje nje na-akpata ohere (d? ka Klebsiella) na-abawanye okpukpu iri. Nke a na-ach? ka nyocha n'?d?nihu ga-edozi ?d? irè ?gw?gw? yana homeostasis microecological.

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4.3 Egwuregwu d? n'etiti az?maah?a az?mah?a na ikike sayens?

N'ihi echiche nke "shuga mgbochi ?r?a cancer" na-ewu ewu, ?f?d? nd? ah?a ekwup?tala mmet?ta ?gw?gw? nke ngwaah?a ah?ike mannose. FDA nke United States enyela ?l? ?r? at? akw?kw? ozi ?d? aka ná nt? maka nkwalite iwu na-akwadogh?, na-ekwusi ike na "ihe mgbakwunye nri enwegh? ike dochie ?gw?gw? ?gw?." Nd? ?kà mm?ta sayens? na-akp? oku ka e guzobe onye na-edep?ta aha ?l? ?r? iji ch?kwaa akara na ire ngwaah?a nd? nwere mannose.

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Mkpebi: Foto ?d?nihu nke mgbanwe mgbanwe ?t?

Njem mgbochi ?r?a kansa nke mannose ab?gh? naan? nh?ta zuru oke nke onyinye okike na amamihe mmad?, kamakwa ihe at? nke mmeghari ohuru nke interdisciplinary. Site na nhazighar? metabolic ruo ngbanwe nke microenvironment na-al?so ?r?a ?g?, site na tubes nyocha ?l? nyocha na ?l? ?r? ?gw?, "mgbanwe d? ?t?" a na-edeghar? akw?kw? iwu nke ?gw?gw? ?r?a cancer. ? b? ezie na a ka nwere ?t?t? ihe ?ma aka n'ihu, a p?r? ?h? na ?gb? ?z? nke ?gw? glyco dabeere na mannose p?r? iweta oge ?h?r? nke kp?mkwem mgbochi ?r?a cancer. D? nn?? ka Nature si kwuo: "Mgbe sayens? na-agba egwú na okike, mgb?r?gba nke ?b?ch? njedebe nke ?r?a cancer amalitelar?."

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