Youdaoplaceholder0 1.1 Onye zoro ezo nke ezin?l? shuga

D? ka ihe b? isi ike nke ihe nd? d? nd?, usoro nhazi nke carbohydrates ad?wo ike n'ime akw?kw? ?g?g?: monosaccharides (d? ka glucose na fructose), oligosaccharides (d? ka lactose), na polysaccharides (d? ka starch). Otú ? d?, akpan akpan nke mannose dabeere na ya "ab?? njirimara" - ? b?gh? nan? a sonye na ume metabolism kamakwa a "password agwa" maka cell nkwur?ta okwu. Mannose d? ebe niile na steeti efu na pectin oyi akwa nke mkp?r? citrus na mgbidi cell nke algae miri emi. N'ime ah? mmad?, ? na-agh? nt?ala molek?la nke isi usoro physiological d? ka nnabata nke mgbochi na nnabata cell site na mgbanwe N-njik? glycosylation nke glycoproteins.

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Onye nwe ebe obibi0 1.2 Ntughari uche sitere na ah?ike Urinary ruo nd? ?s? ?z? ?r?a kansa

N'ihe d? ka af? 1980, nd? ?r? ah?ike ch?p?tara na mannose nwere ike igbochi ?r?a urinary site na ?s? as?mpi na-egbochi adhesins nke nje bacteria. Usoro a emeela ka ire ?k? na-ekpo ?k? nke kranber? wep? ngwaah?a ah?ike. Ma ? b?gh? ruo 2018 ka nch?p?ta ihe ?r?ba ama nke Cancer Research UK (CRUK) na akw?kw? ak?k? Nature welitere mkpuchi n'ezie na mb? ya na-egbochi ?r?a cancer: N'ime ?d? òké nke ?r?a cancer pancreatic, na-agbakwunye 20% mannose na mmiri ????? na-ebelata mm?ba nke tumor site na 40%, na mgbe ejik?tara ya na chemotherapy ?gw? gemcitabine, ogologo oge nd? 2 gbat?p?r?. Nch?p?ta a ewep?la echiche a na-ah?kar? na "shuga niile na-akwalite ?r?a kansa".

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Onye nwe ebe obibi0 Isi nke 2 ?hazi usoro mgbochi ?r?a cancer: "Mkp?chi shuga" at? Mepee ah?r? nd? Tumor

Youdaoplaceholder0 2.1 Metabolic Hijacking: The "Trojan horse" yighar?r? ka glucose ?

"Mmet?ta Warburg" nke mkp?r? nd? tumor na-eme ka nnabata glucose ha d? okpukpu iri kar?a nke sel nk?t?. Nd? otu CRUK ch?p?tara site na tekn?z? isotope nke carbon-13 na mannose nwere ike banye n'ime mkp?r? nd? kansa site n'otu ?d? ihe na-ebu glucose (GLUT1/3) nwere usoro yiri nke glucose. Otú ? d?, mgbe ?banye, hexokinase na-agbanye ya ngwa ngwa phosphorylated mannose-6-phosphate (M6P). Metabolic etiti a enwegh? ike ?banye n'okporo ?z? glycolytic kama ? na-agbak?ta n'ime sel iji mep?ta "ihe mgbochi metabolic", na-eduga na nkw?s? nke njik? ATP na mgbawa nke ?d? oxygen na-emeghachi omume (ROS), n'ikpeaz? na-ebute apoptosis nke mkp?r? nd? kansa (Njirimara 1).

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Youdaoplaceholder0 2.2 Iwu Epigenetic: Ideghar? "koodu ebe nchekwa" nke mkp?r? nd? kansa

Na 2023, otu nyocha sitere na Mahadum Fudan na Cell Metabolism gara n'ihu kpughee na mannose nwere ike r?? ?r? d? ka "onye nch?k?ta ak?k? epigenome". N'?d? pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), ?gw?gw? mannose belatara nke ukwuu ?kwa acetylation nke sa?t? histone H3K27, na-ebute mgbochi nke ?r? nt?ghar? nke oncogenes MYC na KRAS. ?b?na n'?z? d? ?t?nanya, mmet?ta a na-emeghar? anya na-ad?gide ad?gide - ?b?lagodi mgbe a kw?s?r? nch?kwa ?gw?, mkp?r? nd? cancer ka na-enwe mmet?ta d? ala, na-enye echiche ?h?r? maka ?gw?gw? radical.

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Youdaoplaceholder0 2.3 Ndozighar? microenvironment nke na-egbochi ?r?a: iwep? "nwogha mkpuchi sugar" nke PD-L1 ?

Otu otu a ch?tara na ?m?m? nd? sochirin? na mannose nwere ike ?gbawa usoro mgbanar? ah? nke etuto ah? site na itinye aka na mgbanwe glycosylation nke mmemme ?nw? ligand 1 (PD-L1). Nnyocha nyocha nke Mass spectrometry kpughere na mannose gbochiri N-glycosylation nke asparagine n'?n?d? 192 nke protein PD-L1, na-ebute enwegh? ike ?gbak? nke ?ma na ar?l?ka na akp?kp? ah? sel. PD-L1, nke na-efunah? nchebe nke "?ta shuga", b? nke E3 ubiquitin ligase FBXW41 kp?r? ya ma mebie ya site na proteasome. N'ime ?m? oke melanoma, nchikota mannose na mgbochi PD-1 m?bara ?n?ego nl?ghachi az? tumor zuru oke site na 28% ruo 79% (Njirimara 2).

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Onye nwe ebe obibi0 Isi nke 3 Site na ?d? an?man? gaa na nnwale ?l? ?gw? mmad?: ?z? Thorny nke ?gw? nt?ghar? as?s?

Youdaoplaceholder0 3.1 ?ganihu na oke nke nyocha izizi

N'?d? ?r?a kansa pancreatic nke CRUK, ? b? ezie na monotherapy na mannose na-egbu oge ?ganihu etuto ah?, ? nagh? enweta mgbaghara zuru oke. Otú ? d?, mgbe ejik?tara ya na usoro ?gw?gw? chemotherapy FOLFIRINOX, ogologo oge nd? nke ?m? oke d? ogologo site na ?b?ch? 42 ruo ?b?ch? 98, ? d?gh?kwa mm?ba nke ns?. Emep?tara nsonaaz? a n'?d? ?r?a kansa ara na-ad?gh? mma nke okpukpu at? na MD Anderson Cancer Center: Mannose m?bara ?n? ?g?g? mkpochap? tumor nke paclitaxel site na 45% ruo 72%. Otú ? d?, nd? nch?p?ta ch?p?takwara na ihe d? ka pasent 15 nke etuto ah? anabatagh? mannose. Nnyocha ?z? gosip?tara na mkp?r? nd? nd? a na-eguzogide ?gw? na-egosip?ta nke ?ma mannose-phosphate isomerase (PMI), nke nwere ike ?t?ghar? M6P n'ime fructose-6-phosphate wee jik?? na ?z? glycolytic.

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Youdaoplaceholder0 3.2 Ututu kpachara anya nke ?nw?nwa mmad?

Nnwale ?l? ?gw? nke mb? nke mannose malitere na 2022 (NCT05220739) g?nyere nd? ?r?a 32 nwere etuto siri ike d? elu. N'ime otu dose nke nch?kwa ?n? kwa ?b?ch? nke 5g mannose, ?kwa DNA na-ekesa (ctDNA) nke nd? ?r?a 8 belatara ihe kar?r? 50%, n'ime nke ?n? ?g?g? nke metastases imeju na otu onye ?r?a kansa pancreatic belatara 31%. Otú ? d?, mgbe dose ah? r?goro na 10g, af? ?s?sa ?kwa III mere n'ime nd? ?r?a 3, na-at? aro na ekwes?r? ?kwalite at?mat? nlek?ta ah?. Ka ? d? ugbu a, a na-emep?ta nkwadebe mannose nke na-eji nano-liposome encapsulation technology. Ihe omuma nke izizi gosiputara na nrube isi nke etuto ha bu n'obi ruru 78%, na nsi ha na-ebelata nke ukwuu.

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Onye nwe obodo0 Isi nke 4 Mgbanwe ?l? ?r? na esemokwu: Ezigbo ihe ?ma aka nke mgbanwe mgbanwe d? ?t?

Youdaoplaceholder0 4.1 Nkà mm?ta ihe ?m?m? s?ntetik na-edozi ihe mgbagwoju anya mmep?ta Mass

Mannose ewep?tara na-ad? ?n? (ihe d? ka otu kilogram)

1200

O siri ike izute ihe mgbochi ?r?a cancer ch?r? (kwa ?b?ch?)

?z? a ga-esi eme b? ?bawanye mmep?ta ka

?n? ego ah? agbadala ruo 1200), nke siri ike izute ihe mgbochi ?r?a cancer ch?r? (10-20g kwa ?b?ch?). GinkgoBioworks na-emep?ta ihe na-emep?ta ihe na-emep?ta ihe na-emep?ta ihe na 30g/L ma belata ?n? ah?a ya ruo 50/kg site na ?meghar? mannose-1-guanosine phosphate transferase (MPG) ?z? Escherichia coli. Tekn?z? nd? ka d? elu d? ka CRISPR-Cas9-edited Saccharomyces cerevisiae nje bacteria enwewo ike imep?ta mannose d? ?cha nke ?ma n'oge ?gba ?ka na-aga n'ihu.

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Youdaoplaceholder0 4.2 Egwuregwu d? n'etiti az?mah?a Hype na ?kp?r? sayens?

Site n'echiche nke "shuga mgbochi ?r?a cancer" na-ewu ewu, ?t?t? nar? ngwaah?a ah?ike mannose na-az?r? na ha b? "?gw?gw? inyeaka maka etuto ah?" ap?tala n'elu ikpo okwu Amazon, na-akw? ?gw? d? elu kar?a okpukpu iri. Na 2023, US FDA nyere ?l? ?r? 23 akw?kw? ozi ?d? aka ná nt?, na-emesi ike na "ihe mgbakwunye nri agagh? ekwu na ha nwere mmet?ta ?gw?gw? na ?r?a." Nd? ?kà mm?ta sayens? na-enwe nchegbu na iji kpuru ìsì ewere mannose d? elu nwere ike ?kpaghas? ah?h?a eriri af? - nnwale an?man? egosila na oriri ogologo oge na-eduga na mbelata 80% n'?ba nke Faecalibacterium prausnitzii na mm?ba okpukpu ise na Fusobacterium nucleatum. Nke ikpeaz? nwere njik? chiri anya na ?ganihu nke ?r?a cancer colorectal.

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Onye nwe ebe obibi0 Isi Ise At?manya ?d?nihu: Oke oke osimiri nke ?gw? dabere na Glyco

Youdaoplaceholder0 5.1 Mgbanwe Glycolic na ?gw? ziri ezi

Usoro ?gw?gw? onwe onye dabere na etuto metabolic heterogeneity na-ap?ta. ?d? "Mannose Sensitivity Score" (MSS) nke ?l? ?r? Na-ah? Maka Broad na United States mep?tara nwere ike ?k? ihe gbasara nzaghachi nke nd? ?r?a na mannose site n'?ch?p?ta ?kwa ?kwa nke GLUT1, ?r? hexokinase na mgbanwe PMI n'ime an? ah?. N'ime nhazi nke ule ?l? ?gw? nke Phase II, nd? ?r?a ?r?a kansa pancreatic nwere akara MSS nke ≥75% ga-ebute ?z? maka ntinye iji kwalite ?n?ego nzaghachi ?gw?gw?.

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Youdaoplaceholder0 5.2 Njik?ta oke oke nke shuga injinia ?gw?

Nnyocha ihu ihu enwekwagh? af? ojuju na otu ngwa nke mannose eke. Nd? otu MIT emebela "mannose-paclitaxel" conjugate, nke na-eji ohere d? elu nke mannose site na cell tumor iji nweta nnyefe ezubere iche maka ?gw? chemotherapy. N'?d? ?r?a cancer ara, uru na-egbu akp? nke conjugate a ji okpukpu at? kar?a nke paclitaxel ?d?nala, na cardiotoxicity ya belatara site na 60%. ?ganihu ?z? sitere na Mahadum Shanghai Jiao Tong: site na ijik?ta mannose na photosensitizer Ce6, “?gw?gw? photodynamic nke dabere na shuga” nke enwere ike ?gbalite site na ?k? infrared d? nso, na-egosip?ta ikike nke ablation miri emi.

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Youdaoplaceholder0 Mmechi: "molecule d? ?t?" na-edeghar? iwu mgbochi ?r?a cancer.

Njem mgbochi ?r?a kansa nke mannose b? ?k? na-egbuke egbuke kpalitere site na nkukota nke sayens? b? isi na mkpa ?l? ?gw?. Site na ntinye aka nke metabolic ruo n'usoro ihe mgbochi, site na monotherapy ruo na usoro nchikota, molecule sugar a na-eji at?mat? ?g? d? iche iche na-emebi ah?r? agbachitere tumor. ? b? ezie na ?z? ?z? ah?a ka na-eche ihe ?ma aka d? ka njikar?cha dose, usoro mgbochi ?gw?, na ?kp?r? iwu, nd? ?kà mm?ta sayens? nwere olileanya d? ukwuu maka ya - d? ka onye Nobel Laureate James Watson si kwuo ya, "Ihe kachas? mkpa nke ?r?a cancer b? ?r?a mkp?r? nd? ihe nketa, na mannoglucose na-ak?ziri any? na ntinye aka nke metabolic nwere ike iweghachi usoro." N'?b? nd? ejiri ?kw? ab?? nke ?gw? ziri ezi na usoro ihe nd? s?ntetik na-anya, "mgbanwe d? ?t?" a nwere ike iweta oge ?gw?gw? ?r?a cancer ?h?r?.