Citicolineb? otu nucleotide mejup?tara nucleic acid, cytosine, pyrophosphate na choline, nke a na-ejikar? na ?gw?gw? ?l? ?gw? nke ?r?a d? iche iche nke neurodegenerative, d? ka ?r?a Alzheimer, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis na nd? ?z?. Nnyocha egosiwokwa na citicoline nwere ike ime ka ?b?r? na-enweta dopamine na glutamate, si otú ah? na-eme ka ?r? ?g?g? isi d?kwuo mma. Ciphocholine nwekwara ike ibelata nt?hap? nke ab?ba ab?ba n'efu ma weghachi ?r? nke mitochondrial ATPase na cell membrane Na +/K+ ATPase, si otú a na-ebelata mmer? ?b?r?. Otú ? d?, usoro pathophysiological nke ?r?a neurodegenerative d? mgbagwoju anya ma na-ag?nye ?k? cholinergic, glutamate excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation, dysregulation nke na-al?so ?r?a ?g?, mbelata glucose metabolism, na nkw?s? nke ihe mgbochi ?b?r? ?bara.

Citicolinenwere ike ime ka akp?kp? ah? sel kw?sie ike site na-akpali akpali S-adenosine-L-methionine, mee ka dendrite mgbagwoju anya na spinous usoro njup?ta nke moto neuron ?d?d?, melite plasticity nke irighiri akwara na-ad?gh? mebiri emebi, na-akwalite ?r? mgbake.

Citicoline nwere ike ibelata ?kwa nke lecithin phosphate na-agbaze mmiri site na ?kwalite choline phosphate cytidylytransferase (CCT) ma gbochie ?r? nke phospholipase A2 (PLA2) nzuzo ma ? b? gbochie ntinye nke PLA2 site na igbochi TNF-a / IL-1b iji belata nkw?s? nke phospholipids na phospholipids. akp?kp? ah?.

Citicoline nwekwara ike ?bawanye nkwup?ta nke ihe mgbochi apoptotic d? ka Bcl-2 ma gbochie nt?hap? glutamate iji belata cytotoxicity.

Ciphocholine na-akwalite nr?zi ngwa ngwa nke elu cell mebiri emebi na membran mitochondrial, na-ejigide njigide cell na ?r? ndu, ma na-ebelata nt?hap? nke fatty acid n'efu, si otú ah? na-ebelata metabolites oxygenated na-egbu egbu na mmep?ta free radical.

Citicoline nwere ike ?bawanye ?kwa vasopressin na plasma adrenotropin, na-akpali nt?hap? nke hormone uto, thyrotropin na luteinizing hormone.

Enwere ?t?t? ?z? nkwadebe nke citicoline sodium, tumadi ?z? at?.

Otu b? microbial gbaa ?ka. Usoro a nwere nsogbu ?f?d? d? ka ntinye ngwaah?a d? ala na mkp?r? anagh? akw?si ike.

Otu b? organic chemical njik?. Enwere ?f?d? nsogbu na usoro a, d? ka ngwaah?a ah? siri ike ikewap? na ngwak?ta shrinkage, ad?gh? mma maka ?gw?gw? ?gw?, ?n? ?g?g? nt?ghar? mmeghachi omume d? ala, ?t?t? ngwaah?a, ?n? ah?a d? elu na mmet? gburugburu ebe obibi d? nj?.

Enwekwara usoro njik? enzymatic, d? ka iji ap?t? yist biya na microorganisms nd? ?z? maka biosynthesis. A na-eji mkp?r? nd? ap?t? yist nke onye na-eme mmanya n'efu maka njik? enzymatic. Usoro ah? d? mfe, ?n? ?g?g? nt?ghar? d? elu na ?n? ah?a d? ala. Usoro mmep?ta nke citicoline sodium synthesized site enzymatic njik? nwere ike kewaa ?z? ab??: enzymatic njik? usoro na mm?p?ta na ?cha usoro.

A na-ewere ya n'?n?, a na-etinye ya ngwa ngwa, na-agbanye ya na eriri af? na imeju na choline na cytosine, nke na-abanye n'?bara, na-agafe ihe mgbochi ?b?r? ?bara, wee banye na citicoline na usoro nh?juanya nke etiti, ebe 80% nke njik? phospholipid na-emet?ta site na ntinye nke citicoline n'ime ah?.

Na mgbakwunye, a na-at?ghar? citicoline ka ? b?r? acetylcholine na sistemu ?j? nke etiti yana oxidized na betain na ak?r? na imeju. Mmiri solubility nke citicoline d? mma, bioavailability d? elu d? ka 90%, ? b? naan? ihe na-erugh? 1% na-ap? na stool mgbe nch?kwa ?n? gas?r?. Enwere ?n? ?g?g? kacha elu nke nnabata na plasma 2, awa 1 na awa 24 ka nrichara ah? gas?r?.

N'?d? oke, ?kwa nke citicoline radiolabelled m?bara nke nta nke nta n'ime ?b?r? awa 10 ka ejirichara ya ma kesaa ya na ihe ?cha na isi aw? nke ?b?r?. ?n?n? d? elu na-ad? na awa 48, mkpochap? ya na-ad?kwa ngwa ngwa, na-enwe ntak?r? ntak?r? ihe na-esi na mmam?r?, ns?, na iku ume kwa ?b?ch?. ???biga mmanya ókè nke citicoline nwere ike ?kwalite nr?zi ngwa ngwa nke membranes cell mebiri emebi na mitochondria, n?gide na-eguzosi ike n'ezi ihe nke cell na ar?m?r? ndu, ma gbochie apoptosis na ?nw?.