1.Bidirectional iwu nke protein metabolism

HMB na-enweta nguzozi siri ike nke nr?zi mmer? ah? site n'omume synergistic multi-pathway:

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Mgbalite mgbaàmà mTOR: mm?ba ribosome S6 kinase phosphorylation lar?? site na 38%, accelerated myosin ar? yinye na nd? ?z? isi protein njik? ar?m?r? ?

Mmet?ta inhibitory nke ubiquitination: belatara okwu nke E3 ubiquitin ligase MuRF1 site na 41%, ma gbochie usoro ihe nr?bama molekul nke mmebi ah?.

? autophagy homeostasis : Mee ka LC3-II / LC3-I ruru na 1: 1.5 iji gbochie mmebi akwara akwara kpatara site na oke autophagy.

Nke ab??, tekn?z? nchebe cell membrane ?h?r?

HMB na-akwalite nkw?si ike cell site na ntinye ?kwa nke molekul:

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?d?d? akp?kp? ah? na-ewusi ike: m?baa ?d?naya nke phosphatidylinositol site na 27%, meziwanye nguzogide nr?gide nke akp?kp? ah? muscle.

Usoro nch?kwa calcium ion: na-egbochi oghere na-ad?gh? mma nke mitochondrial permeability Transition pore ma belata ihe ize nd? nke oke calcium site na 63%

Nchedo nr?gide oxidative: ?z? Nrf2 ar? ?r?, ?r? nke superoxide dismutase (SOD) m?bara site na 41%

Iii. Ihe omuma ihe omuma nke ogwu egwuregwu

1.High ike egwuregwu nchebe

Nd? egwuregwu b??l? na-agbakwunye 3 g / ?b?ch? HMB belatara peak creatine kinase (CK) site na 44% wee belata oge mgbu ah? site na 51%

Mgbe awa iri asaa na ab?? nke mmega ah? centrifugal gachara, ?n?d? nke Z-line rheology nke akwara akwara belatara site na 62%, na nguzozi n'usoro nke mitochondria na-abawanye site na 83%

2.Endurance njikar?cha ar?m?r?

N'ime nd? na-agba ?s? marathon, ?kwa lactate ?bara belatara site na 19% yana nchekwa glycogen m?bara site na 27%?68.

Usoro mgbakwunye nke izu isii m?bara VO2max site na 4.2% yana ntachi obi na-abawanye site na 13%

4.Clinical mgbanwe d? ?r?ba ama

5.Mgbochi na ?gw?gw? nke muscular atrophy gravis

N'ime nd? ?r?a ICU gbakwunyere na HMB maka ?b?ch? 28, a na-edobe ?kp?r?kp? akwara quadriceps 1.3mm kar?a, na ?n? ?g?g? ?ga nke ?ma nke ikuku ventilash? na-abawanye site na 31%

N'ime nd? ?r?a na-agba ?k? siri ike, ?n?ego mmebi protein d? 47% d? ala na oge ?gw?gw? ?nya b? ?b?ch? 5 d? mkp?mkp?.

2.Intervention nke senile sarcopenia

Mgbe izu iri na ab?? nke ntinye aka gas?r?, ?s? ?s? nke nd? agadi kar?r? af? 70 m?bara site na 0.15m/s, ihe ize nd? nke ?da ada belatara site na 38%

MRI gosip?tara mbelata 21% na ntinye ab?ba intramuscular na mm?ba 14% na mpaghara eriri akwara II.

5.Cutting-?n? tekn?z? ?h?r?

Sistem? nnyefe Nano

Tekn?z? encapsulation nke liposome m?bara itinye uche nke an? ah? site na ugboro 3.7, na mgbanwe mgbanwe nke itinye uche n'?bara b?

The smart transdermal patch na-enweta ?kp?r? nzaghachi EMG ma belata oge nt?hap? na 15 sek?nd.

?ganihu na bayoloji s?ntetik

A na-abawanye mkp?r? nke injin?a ah? ruo 8.7g/L ma belata ?n? ah?a mmep?ta ya site na 62%

Nkà na ?z? na-edezi CRISPR na-eme ka nr?zi ah? ike site na 41%, na-abanye n'ule nd? a na-ah? anya.

6.Safety nk?wa

Nnukwu toxicity: ?n? LD50> 5000mg / kg na oke, b? n'ezie na-ad?gh? egbu egbu

Ngwa ogologo oge: Ach?p?tagh? ihe na-egbu egbu hepatorenal mgbe ?nwa 12 gachara, na ?n?d? nke ah? erugh? ala nke eriri af? b?

?k?l?t? dose: a na-at? aro ?n? ?g?g? mmega ah? ka ? were 3 g / ?b?ch? na usoro nkewa, usoro ?gw?gw? na-abawanye site na usoro.

Vii. Outlook n'?d?nihu

Usoro epigenetic: Inyocha mmet?ta nke HMB na DNA methylation ?kp?r? nke akwara stem cell

Usoro mmek?r?ta nke obodo nje bacteria: Nyochaa ?r? nhazi nke HMB metabolites na eriri af? firmicates/Bacteroides ratio.