Amino acid biosynthesis ?z? ? b?gh? naan? na-ekere òkè d? mkpa na ?r? nd?, kamakwa na-akwalite mmepe nke mmep?ta amino acid d? mma na gburugburu ebe obibi yana usoro ihe ?m?m? s?ntetik na ?gba ?ka ?l? ?r?. Protein b? nt?ala nke nd?, ha na-ar?kwa ?r? d? iche iche n'ime mkp?r? nd?, site na nkwado nhazi ruo n'?kwalite mmeghachi omume kem?kal. Ihe mejup?tara protein niile b? amino acid 20 d? iche iche nke a na-emep?ta n'ime sel site na usoro biosynthesis d? mgbagwoju anya. Nch?p?ta nke amino acid 20 d? ihe f?r? nke nta ka ? b?r? otu nar? af?, malite na nkewap? mb? nke glycine site n'aka onye French chemist H. Braconnot na 1820, na njedebe na nch?p?ta nke threonine nke W. Rose na 1935. Nch?p?ta nke amino acid nd? a g?nyere ?t?t? nd? ?kà mm?ta sayens? nke ?r? ? b?gh? nan? na-ekpughere usoro na ihe onwunwe nke amino acids, ma mes?a kpughee nhazi na ihe onwunwe nke amino acids. nyocha. Biosynthesis nke amino acid b? isi ?d?naya nke microbial mejup?tara metabolism. Edemede a ga-eme ka ? mata ka esi emep?ta amino acid nd? a site na ?m? irighiri ihe d? mfe yana otu esi ahazi ha. A na-emep?ta biosynthesis nke amino as?d niile site n'okporo ?z? alaka na-eji etiti etiti ?z? metabolic d? ka ihe mmalite. D? ka ?d? mmalite mmalite, biosynthesis nke amino acid nwere ike kewaa n'ime 5 otu: Glutamate otu, g?nyere glutamate (Glu), glutamine (Gln), proline (Pro) na arginine (Arg). Njik? nke amino as?d nd? a na-amalite site na glutamate, b? isi molekul n'ime ?z? usoro metabolic d? n'etiti. Ezin?l? aspartate g?nyere aspartate (Asp), aspartamide (Asn), lysine (Lys), threonine (Thr), methionine (Met), na isoleucine (Ile). Ngwak?ta amino acid nke ezin?l? a na-amalite site na aspartic acid, nke b?kwa ngwaah?a sitere na ?z? metabolic Central. Ezin?l? nke amino acid aromatic, g?nyere phenylalanine (Phe), tyrosine (Tyr), na tryptophan (Trp). Njik? nke amino as?d nd? a na-amalite site na erythrosis-4-phosphate (E4P) na phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), ?m? irighiri ihe ab?? d? mkpa na etiti na usoro metabolic. Ezin?l? serine g?nyere serine (Ser), glycine (Gly), na cysteine ??(Cys). Njik? amino acid nke ezin?l? a na-amalite site na serine, nke b? isi mmalite nke ?t?t? ?z? biosynthetic. Otu alanine g?nyere alanine (Ala), valine (Val) na leucine (Leu). ? b? ezie na amino as?d nd? a sitere na ezin?l? d? iche iche, ha na-enwe mmeghachi omume yiri nke ah? n'oge njik?, na mmeghachi omume nd? a na-ab?kar? otu klas nke enzymes.

Isoleucine, valine, na leucine, ? b? ezie na ha b? nd? ezin?l? d? iche iche, nwere mmeghachi omume yiri nke ah? site na otu enzyme ah?. Ntughari serine ka ? b?r? cysteine ??b? isi mmeghachi omume nke mbelata sulfate assimilative. Ebutere biosynthesis nke otu amino acid aromatic site erythrosis-4-P na PEP. Biosynthesis nke histidine b? ihe p?r? iche, na etiti carbon ya sitere na phosphoribose pyrophosphate (PRPP). A na-eji C ab?? d? na ribose nke PRPP wuo mgbanaka imidazole nke nwere ak?k? 5, ma nd? ?z? na-emep?ta eriri ak?k? 3C. Biosynthesis nke amino acids na-ekere òkè d? mkpa na ?gba ?ka ?l? ?r? mmep?ta ihe. Ha ab?gh? naan? ak?k? d? mkpa nke uto microbial na ?r? metabolic, kamakwa ? b? isi ak?r?ngwa maka ?t?t? ngwaah?a fermented. Mmep?ta nke amino acid site na gbaa ?ka microbial nwere ike nweta mmep?ta nke ?ma na nke d? ?n? ala ma na-ebelata mmet? gburugburu ebe obibi, nke d? oke mkpa maka nri, nri, ?gw? na ?l? ?r? nd? ?z?.

T?kwas? na nke ah?, biosynthesis nke amino acid akwalitewo mmepe nke usoro ihe ?m?m? s?ntetik na nhazi nke metabolic, na-eme ka o kwe omume ?mep?ta amino as?d na ihe nd? sitere na ha site na microorganisms. Nke a ? b?gh? nan? na-eme ka mmep?ta mmep?ta ihe d? mma, ma na-enyekwa ikpo okwu maka ?mep?ta ngwaah?a biotechnology ?h?r? ma na-agbasawanye ngwa ngwa nke ?gba ?ka ?l? ?r?.