Citicoline (cytidine 5-diphosphate choline, CDP-choline) d? mkpa maka mmep?ta nke phospholipids d? ka phosphatidylcholine. ?m? irighiri ihe nd? a na-ewulite akp?kp? ah? cell na mkpuchi irighiri akwara n'ime ah? [1]. Citicoline b? molekul d? mgbagwoju anya kar?a choline mgbe niile, ma ? b? ?b?na alfa-GPC, mana ? b? otu ihe ah? na-emep?ta na ?b?r?. Iji zere mgbagwoju anya, nd? ?kà mm?ta sayens? kpebiri ?kp? ya "citicoline" mgbe ejiri ya d?ka ?gw?gw? yana "CDP-choline" mgbe emep?tara ya n'ime ah? [2]. Ozugbo etinyere ya, ? na-ahap? ogige ab??: cytidine na choline. Mgbe ha gafechara ihe mgbochi ?b?r? ?bara, neurons na ?b?r? na-eji ha eme citicoline na phospholipids nd? ?z? [3]. Choline na-akwalite acetylcholine na neurotransmitters nd? ?z? iji mee ka usoro ?j? ah? na-aga nke ?ma. Ah? na-agbanwe citicoline n'ime ?t?t? ogige nd? ?z? bara uru. Ya mere, citicoline nwere ike nweta uru na mmet?ta d? nta kar?a choline nk?t? [4,5,3].

Ka o si ar? ?r?

Citicoline na-abawanye mmep?ta nke neurotransmitters na ng?ng? ?l? cell. Na mgbakwunye na acetylcholine, ? na-akwalite norepinephrine na dopamine na ?b?r? [4,6]. ? nwere ike ?kwalite ?bara ?b?r? ?b?r? ma kpalie mitochondria iji mep?ta ume kar?a [4,5,2]. Ogo zuru oke nke CDP choline na-echebe phosphatidylcholine na sphingomyelin, nke na-ewulite akp?kp? an? ah? na-echebe nke a na-akp? myelin. Citicoline na-egbochikwa enzyme phospholipase A2 mkpali ma na-akwalite glutathione b? isi antioxidant [7,8]. Na nch?k?ta, citicoline na-ar? ?r? site na ?hazi nd? na-ah? maka nd? na-ah? maka ?b?r? na ichebe usoro ?j? ah? site na oxidation na mmebi met?tara af? [9,10,1].

Isi iyi nri

Ah? na-emep?ta citicoline sitere na cytidine na choline. ?z? kachas? mma isi bulie ?kwa citicoline site na nri b? iri nri zuru oke nke na-enye ha ab??. Ihe oriri choline bara ?ba g?nyere [11,12]: An? an? ah? (imeju) akwa az? ?k?k? Mkp?r? ?ka niile Cytidine b? RNA nucleoside kacha etinye uche na an? (kar?s?a an? ah?); A na-ah?kwa ya na colostrum [13,14]. Ihe mgbakwunye Citicoline (Cognizin, Somazina) b? ihe ?z? nwere ike isi nweta choline ?z?, na mgbakwunye na: choline alpha-GPC phosphatidylcholine lecithin.

Uru ah?ike nke citicoline nwere ike ?d? irè

1) nkwalite ?g?g? isi

Mbelata ?g?g? isi met?tara af? Ikike ?g?g? isi na-agbadata n'af? n'ihi mbelata ?bara eruba na ?b?r? ma ? b? n'ihi ihe nd? ?z?. Nt?leghachi nke ule ?l? ?gw? 14 kwubiri na CDP-choline nwere ike imeziwanye ebe nchekwa na omume n'ime nd? ?r?a nwere nkwar? d? nro na nke na-ad?gh? mma, g?nyere nd? nwere ?b?r? na-ad?gh? mma [9]. Dabere na data sitere na ihe kar?r? nd? ?r?a agadi 2,800, mgbe ha natachara ?gw?gw? citicoline, nsogbu ebe nchekwa na-ap? n'anya na 21% nke nd? ?r?a yana ebe nchekwa d? mma na 45% nke nd? ?r?a. ?m?m? ihe a enwegh? njikwa placebo, yab? any? kwes?r? iji mkp?r? nnu were nsonaaz? ya were [18]. Citicoline (1000mg maka ?nwa 9) bara uru na nd? ?r?a 350 nd? agadi nwere nkwar? d? nro n'ihi na ? nwere ike [19] : Mee ka akp?kp? an? akwara d?kwuo elu na norepinephrine na dopamine iji gbochie mmebi nke oxidative N'ime nch?p?ta at? nke nd? ?r?a 210 nwere nkwar? na ?b?r? ?b?r? na-ad?gh? mma, CDP-choline na-emeziwanye omume na nchekwa. ?n? ?g?g? d? elu nke citicoline (2000mg), mmet?ta d? mma [20,21,22]. ?t?t? nd? mmad? na-eji citicoline emeziwanye echiche, kwalite ebe nchekwa, ma gbochie mbelata ?g?g? isi. Ka any? h? ihe sayens? nwere ikwu banyere ?r? ya d? ka ihe mgbagwoju anya ... N'ime ule ?l? ?gw? ab?? na 135 nd? ??okenye ah?ike, citicoline (250-500mg) mere ka nlebara anya na ngh?ta doro anya [23,24]. Ihe ????? nwere caffeine na CDP choline (250 mg) kwalitere ?r? ?r? ?g?g? isi ma belata oge mmeghachi omume na nd? ?r? af? ofufo 60. Caffeine b? ihe na-akpali akpali mara na ? nwere ike inye aka na nsonaaz? [25]. N'ime nd? okenye 24 nwere ah?ike, ?n? ?g?g? d? elu nke citicoline (500 ma ? b? 1000mg) kwalitere akara nr?bama d? iche iche - ?s? nhazi, ?r? na ebe nchekwa okwu, ?r? nch?kwa - ma ? b? naan? na nd? nwere ikike ngh?ta ka nj? [26]. N'otu ?m?m? ihe ah?, ihe mgbakwunye enwegh? mmet?ta na nd? na-eme ihe n'etiti na ?b?na obere ikike ngh?ta na nd? na-eme ihe d? elu. [26] Cannabis na-eme ihe na-emebi ikike ?g?g? isi. N'ime nyocha nke nd? na-ese wii wii 19 na-ad?gh? ala ala, citicoline (2,000 mg kwa ?b?ch? maka izu 8) belata nzaghachi mkpali na ?r? ?r? ?g?g? isi ka mma. Nd? niile sonyere ch?r? ?kw?s? ise siga, nd? nch?p?ta ah? na-at? aro na mmet?ta nke citicoline nwere ike inye aka duzie ha na nt?ziaka ah? [27,28]. D? ka nch?p?ta mb? si kwuo, citicoline nwere ike ?kwalite nlebara anya na ngh?ta nke uche, kar?s?a n'ime nd? na-enwegh? ikike ngh?ta.

2) Ngw?ta ?r?a strok

?kw?s? ?bara na-erute n'otu mpaghara ?b?r? nwere ike igbu neuron ma kpatara nnukwu mmebi ?b?r?. Citicoline nwere ike inye aka site n'?kwalite akwara akwara na igbochi mmep?ta radical free [29,30]. D? ka meta-analysis nke an? ?l? ?gw? ule (kar?a 1,300 ?r?a), na-ewere 2000mg nke citicoline n'ime 24 awa mgbe ?r?a strok m?bara ohere nke mgbake zuru ezu site 38% [10]. Data sitere na ihe kar?r? nd? lanar?r? ?r?a strok 4,000 na-egosi na citicoline na-eme ka nsonaaz? na mgbake AIDS; ?n??g? d? elu (2000-4000mg) d? irè kar?. Enwegh? njikwa placebo n'ime ?m?m? ihe a, yab? enwegh? ike nweta nkwubi okwu doro anya [31]. Nnyocha ab?? nke ihe kar?r? nd? ?r?a 3,000 ah?gh? uru d? mkpa nke CDP-choline maka nnukwu ?r?a strok [32,33]. ?gw? nd? na-eme ka akp?kp? ah?? na-akpata mkp?k? ka b? nh?r? mb? maka nnukwu ?r?a strok. Nyocha ab?? jik?tara ?n? kwubiri na citicoline nwere ike inye uru nd? ?z? ma ? b? nyere nd? ?r?a na-enwegh? ike ?nweta ?gw?gw? kachas? amas? ha [34,35]. Nlek?ta citicoline n'oge nwere ike melite mgbake ?r?a strok, mana nyocha nwere oke. ?gw? nd? na-eme ka akp?kp? ah?? na-akpata mkp?k? ka b? nh?r? mb? maka nnukwu ?r?a strok.

3) Nsogbu ?h??

D? ka ichekwa irighiri akwara na ?b?r? na ?gidigi az?, citicoline nwere ike inwe otu mmet?ta bara uru na akwara optic. ? nwere ike gbanwee mmebi nke neurons retina ma nyere aka na-agw? ?r?a anya d?ka [1]: Optic neuropathy Glaucoma Amblyopia Glaucoma ?bawanye nr?gide anya na ihe nd? ?z? nwere ike imebi akwara anya wee bute glaucoma, mgbe ?f?d? na-ebute kpuru ìsì zuru oke [36]. N'ime ule ?l? ?gw? ab?? na nd? ?r?a 80 glaucoma, citicoline ?n? ogologo oge na-emezi mmebi akwara, ?h?? d? mma, na nkw?s? ?r?a na-aga n'ihu [37,38]. Mbelata anya Citicoline gosip?tara otu nsonaaz? ah? na nnwale ?l? ?gw? ab?? ?z? (nd? ?r?a 68) [39,40]. Amblyopia, ma ? b? "anya umengw?," na-ap?ta mgbe anya na ?b?r? anagh? akpar?ta ?ka nke ?ma. O nwere ike ime ka ?h?h? na-ad?gh? mma n'otu anya. [41] N'ime ule ?l? ?gw? at? nke ?m?aka 190, citicoline ?n? na-eme ka ?gw?gw? amblyopia d? mma (anya patch) [42,43,44]. ?gba ?gw? CDP choline (1000mg kwa ?b?ch?) gw?? akwara optic na ?h?? d? mma na nd? okenye 10 nwere amblyopia. ?m?m? ihe ah? nwere obere ihe nlele na enwegh? njikwa placebo, yab? nsonaaz? ya b? aj?j? [45]. Optic neuropathy Optic neuropathy b? ?d? ?z? nke mmer? ah? anya nke nwere ike igbochi ?h??. N'ime nd? ?r?a 26 nwere neuropathy optic, citicoline (1600mg / ?b?ch? maka ?nwa 2) mere ka ?h?? d?kwuo mma site n'imezi mmebi akwara [46]. Ihe akaebe na-ezugh? ezu Enwegh? ezigbo akaebe ?l? ?gw? na-akwado iji citicoline maka ?gw?gw? ? b?la n'ime nsogbu nd? d? na ngalaba a. Ihe na-eson? b? nch?k?ta nke ?m?m? an?man? n'oge na-ad?begh? anya, ?m?m? ihe gbasara cell, ma ? b? ule ?l? ?gw? d? ala nke kwes?r? ?kpalite nyocha ?z?. Agbanyegh?, ?kwesighi ?k?wa ha ka ha na-akwado uru ah?ike ? b?la.

4) mmer? ?b?r?

Nchegbu oxidative, mmeghachi omume autoimmune, na ns? gburugburu ebe obibi nwere ike ?kpata mmebi mkp?r? nd? ?b?r? siri ike. Citicoline na-echebe ?b?r? na ?kp?kp? az? site na nr?gide nd? a site na ichekwa n'?b? myelin nke mkp?r? nd? na ?kwalite nd? neurotransmitters d? mkpa. ?r?a Alzheimer N'ime ule at? nke ?l? ?gw?, Citicoline (1000mg kwa ?b?ch? maka ?nwa 1-3) na-emeziwanye ihe mgbaàmà nke ?r?a Alzheimer [47,48,49]: ?r? ?r? nke uche na-eme ka ?bara na-eruba n'?b?r? na-ebelata ?kwa nke ?m? irighiri ihe na-egbuke egbuke (histamine na IL1B) Otú ? d?, enwegh? nch?kwa placebo na ?m?m? ab?? ah? mere ka ? p?ta ìhè. N'ime ?m?m? ihe nke at?, nd? ?r?a nwere mkp?r? nd? ihe nketa na-ebute ?r?a Alzheimer (APOE-e4 carriers) nwetara ?b?na uru ka ukwuu. Nke a b? nch?p?ta d? mkpa n'ihi na nd? na-ebu APOE-e4 na-emeghachi omume d? iche iche (ma na-ad?kar? nj?) na ntinye aka d? iche iche [48,50]. Citicoline kwalitere mmet?ta ?gw?gw? ?gw? maka ?r?a Alzheimer ma mee ka ?ganihu nke ule nyocha ab?? kw?s?lata (kar?a nd? ?r?a 600) [51,52]. N'ime oke nd? nwere ?r?a Alzheimer, citicoline na-echebe irighiri akwara site na mm?ghar? protein ma na-ebelata eruba ?bara. N'ihi nke a, oke nd? ah? nwere nkwar? ?g?g? isi d? ntak?r? na ebe nchekwa d? mma [53]. Citicoline nwere ike inye aka na-agw? ?r?a Alzheimer ma melite nlek?ta ah?ike, mana ihe akaebe ?l? ?gw? d? ad? ad?gh? ike. ?r?a Parkinson Mbibi nke neurons dopamine na ?r?a ?r?a Parkinson na-akpata isi ike nke an? ah?, ?ma jijiji, na mgbaàmà nd? ?z?. N'ime oke nd? nwere ?r?a Parkinson, citicoline na-ebelata ike an? ah? site na ?bawanye ?kwa dopamine na ?b?r?. ? na-akwalite mmet?ta nke ?gw?gw? ?k?l?t? [54,55]. Otutu sclerosis Mbibi na-egbu egbu nke n'?b? myelin nke mpempe akwara d? n'èzí nwere ike ?kpalite otutu sclerosis, na-esonyere oke an? ah? na nh?sianya. N'ime ?m? an?man? nwere otutu sclerosis, nd? ?kà mm?ta sayens? ach?p?tala ikike nke citicoline iji kwalite mgbake myelin na nhazi moto [56,57].

5) Nsogbu uche na ?gw? riri ah?

Nda mbà n'obi Na nyocha nke nd? ?r?a 50, na-agbakwunye citicoline na antidepressant (citalopram) mere ka mgbaàmà ?da mbà n'obi na mgbake d? mma [58]. Na oke, CDP-choline na-abawanye ?kwa norepinephrine, dopamine, na serotonin na ebe nchekwa ?b?r?, ?n?d?, na ebe mmeghar? [59,60]. Methamphetamine na cocaine riri Citicoline belatara mgbaàmà ?da mbà n'obi na 60 methamphetamine (meth) riri ah?, mana enwegh? mmet?ta na iji ?gw? eme ihe (2000 mg / ?b?ch? maka ?nwa 3). N'?m?m? ihe ?z? nke 31 methamphetamine riri ah?, citicoline chebere ?b?r? ma belata iji ?gw? ?j?? eme ihe [61,62]. N'ime ihe kar?r? 130 cocaine riri ah? nwere ?r?a bipolar, citicoline (500-2,000 mg maka ?nwa 3) belatara iji ?gw? eme ihe mana emet?tagh? ?n?d?. Agbanyegh?, na nnwale nke nd? ?r? cocaine d? ar? 20, ? r?p?tara enwegh? mmet?ta [63,64,65]. Nt?leghachi nke ule itoolu kwubiri na citicoline nwere ike nweta ntak?r? uru na ??? ?gw? ?j??, kar?s?a cocaine, mana gosip?tara mkpa ? d? maka ihe akaebe ah?ike siri ike [66]. Citicoline kwalitere mmet?ta ?gw?gw? ?k?l?t? na nd? ?r?a 66 nwere schizophrenia. ? na-eme ka ihe mgbaàmà a na-akp? "ad?gh? mma" d? ka nk?chi obi, nkwur?ta okwu na-ad?gh? mma, na isi ike. Nd? a na-esikar? ike iji ?gw? eji eme ihe [67]. N'ime nd? okenye 24 d? mma, CDP-choline na-eme ka ngh?ta d?kwuo mma site na-akpali nd? na-anabata nicotinic acetylcholine, b? nke na-ad?gh? ar? ?r? na schizophrenia [26]. ?m?m? ihe mb? na-ekwe nkwa, mana enweghi ihe akaebe zuru oke iji kwado iji citicoline na-agw? ?r?a uche na ??? ?gw? ?j??.