???? ???, ????? ?? ????? ???, ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????. ??????? ???? ?????, ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??????, ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ????, ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????, ?????, ??? ????????? ????. ??? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? (???? ???, ????, ????? ???') ???? ???? (???? ??? ????, ??? ???), ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ?????, ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?-6 ????????? ?????:

1) ?????? ??? ???? (????): ?????, ???? ?????, ???????? ??????, ???????? ??????, 2-??????-3-???? ??????, ??? (2-????-3-????) ????????, ???? ????????????? (MCP) ???';

2) ????? ??????: ?????? ?????? (MSG), ???? ??????? (IMP), ???? ??????? (GMP), ???? ??????? + ???? ??????? (I+G), ?????????? ???'??? (MSS), ???????? ???????? (DSS) ???';

3) ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????: ???? ??? ??????, ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????, ????? ?? ????? ???????;

4) ????? ??? ??????? ?????? Maillard: ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??????;

5) ????? ???????? ?????? ?????: ??? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???, ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????.

????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ????????? ?????:

1) ????? ????, ???? ????? ?????? ???????;

2) ???? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????, ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????, ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ???????????? ?? ????, ?????, ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????????, ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??????;

3) ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??????, ???? ?????? ?? ?????;

4) ???? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?? ????? ????, ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???, ?? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????, ??, ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????;

5) ???? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???????? ?????, ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????, ???? ???????, MCP ???';

6) ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??????. ????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????, ???? ?????, ???? ????? ???', ???? ???? ????????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?????, ???? ???????? ??????, MCP ???';

7) ???? ?????? ????????? ??? ????? ?????, ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ???.

????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???

????? ?????? ????? ?????

(?) ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???????, ?????? GC/MS ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?????, ???? ?????? ?? 1% ?? 20% (?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ????, ?? ???? ??????). Maltol (Maltol, Veltol), ??? ?????? ?? flavol, Palatone, Kopalin, ?? ???? 2-methylpyromeconic acid, ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????, ????? ?? ????? ????, ????, ????? ?-93 ℃, ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????, ???? ????, ????. ?-Ethy Maltol (Vetol2plus), ?????? ????? ????? 2-ethyl pyromeconic, ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???, ?? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???. ????? ?????? ????, ????? ???????? ?????? (PG) ?? ???? ?? ?-4 ??????? ????? ??? ??????: 1) ????? ?????? ???? ?????????, ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????, ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????; 2) ?????? ???????, ????? ????? ?????? ????, ?? ?????? ???????, ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????????; 3) ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?? 3-8 ??? ?? ?????, ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????; 4) ?? ??????? ??? ?? I + G, MSG, MCP ?????? ??? ?????, ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????.

(?) MCPMCP, ?????? ?? ??? 3-methyl-1, 2-cyclopentenedione ?? 3-methyl-2-hydroxy-2-cyclopentene-1-one, ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?-acerlike, ??????? ?? ?????? ????. ??????? ????? ???? ???? ???. ?-MCP ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????, ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???. ????? ????? ????????? ?????, MCP ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??????.

(3) Furfuryl Mercaptan, ????? ?? ??? ??? mercaptan, 2-furanyl methylmercaptan. ?????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ????, ??????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????. ?????? 1% furfuryl mercaptan ???????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???, ??? ???? (?? ??? ???), ???? ??? ??? ?? ???. ????? GC/MS ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?? furfuryl mercaptan ??????? ?????, ??????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? furfuryl mercaptan ?????? ????? ?????? ?????. ?????? ?????, ?-furfuryl mercaptan ????? ?????? ??? ?? 1% ????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ????.

(4) ???????; Furanone) ?? ???? 2, 5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3 (2H) -furanone, ??? ??? ????, ???? ???, ????????. ??? ????? ?-60 ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???, ???? ??? ???? ?? ???????. ???????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????, ???? ???, ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????, ???? ????? ?????, ???? ?????, ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ????, ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ????. ??? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ?-5.5 ?? 6 ????? ?? ???? ????? ?-16 ?? 20 ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??????. ?????? GC/MS ?? ??? ???? ???, ????? ?????? ?? furanone, ??????? ???? ????? ?? 5% ?????? ????. ??? ???, ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???, ?????? ????? ?? ???????, ??????, ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???, ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??????. ?? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????, ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????????. ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???????, ??????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ????????, ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??????, ????? ?????? ????. ??????? ???????? ?? furanone, (I + G) ?-MSG ?????? ????? 1.

(5) ???????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??: 2-????-3-???? ??????, ??? (2-????-3-????) ????????, 2-????-3-????-??????, 2-????-3-????-????????? ?????? ???'. ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????, ?? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???. ??????.

?????, ???? ???? ??????

(?) MSGMSG ??? MSG, ????? ?? ??? L-glutamate sodium, sodium glutamate. MSG ??? ???? ??? ???, ?? ????? ??????, ???? ?????, ??? ???? ??? 0.014%. MSG ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??????, ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????. ?????? ??? ???????? ?????, ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??????, ???????? ???? ??? ????? ???.

?-MSG ?? ???? ??????? ?? IMP, GMP ?-(I + G). (MSG + IMP) ?????? ??? ?? 0.05 ??? ?????, ???? MSG∶IMP = 1∶1, ?????? ???? ?????? ?????????; ??????? ?? MSG ?-IMP, ??? ???? ?? IMP ??? ???? ?-50%, ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????. ??? ???? ?? IMP ??? ?-50% ?-100%, ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????.

MSG ?????? ????? ?????? ?? (I + G) ??? ????? MSG ???, ???? ?????? 99% MSG+ 1% (I + G) ?? 2, 98% MSG+ 2% (I + G) ???? ?????? ?? 3.5; ???? ?????? 96% MSG+ 4% (I + G) ?????? ?? 5. ?????? ?? ??? ???, MSG ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? (I + G), ??????? ??????? ???? ????? 1.

(2) IMP, GMP ?-(I + G) IMP ?-GMP ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ???, ???? ????, ?????? ?? ???? ???????, ???????, ???? ????? ??? ????? ???????. ?-IMP ??-GMP ?? ??? ?????? ???, ?????? ??????? ?? GMP ??? ???? ?? 3 ??? ?? IMP, ????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? (?????, I+G, IMP ?-GMP ?????? 50% ?? ???). MSG, IMP, GMP, (I + G) ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????, ?????, ???? ????? ?? ??? ????, ?????? ????? ????.

(3) MSS ?-DSSMSS, ?-DSS ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????, ?? ???? ???? ?? ??????, ?????? (???? ??? ????, ?????, ???????, ?????, ?????, ????? ???') ?????? ??????? ?? ??????, ?????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??. ?????? ????? ???????? ?? MSG.

3. ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ???

???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??????. ??????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?????, ?? ?????? ???? ?-10 ????? ?? ???????? (???? ?????????, ????, ??????????, furfural, 5-methylfurfural ???'), ???? ?????? (????, ??????? ???') ????? ?-10 ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????. ?? ???, ???? ????? ???????, ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ????. ???? ????????, ???????, ????????, ??????, ??????, ???????, ??????, ???????, ?????????, ???????, ?????????, ??????????, ????????, ????????, ????????, ???????? ????????? ???? 17 ???????? ?? 208 ????? ?????. ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???. ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ????, ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???????, ???? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ????. ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??????, ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ????, ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????. ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????, ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??????. ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????, ???? ????? ??? ???? ??????.

??????, ????? Maillard ?????? ????? ???

????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ????, ????: 1) VB1 → ??? (2-????-3-??????) ????????; 2) ???? α-hydroxyl + (NH4) 2S →H2S ???'; 3) ?????? + (NH4) 2S →H2S ???'; 4) Furanones ????????? ??????? ???? + (NH4) 2S →H2S ???'.

?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????, ?????? ??????? ???, ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ???. ?? ???, ?? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???, ????? ????, MSG, (I+G), furanone, maltol and ethyl maltol ??????? ?????? ???? ???, MSS, DSS ???? ????? ??, ??? ?????? ????? ???? ????, ???, ????, ??? ???? ???? ????.