?????????, ???? ?? ??????? ????, ??? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???????, ??????, ???? ????, ??? ???????? ???? ???, ???? ????????, ????????, ???????, ??? ????? ?? ????. [1] ???, ?????? ?????? ????, ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???. ??? ?-1848 ???? ?????? ?????? ?'?? ??????? ?? ????? ???, ????? ???? ?????? ?-1952.

?????? ???? ?? ?????????? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? 60-70% ??? 0.21 ??????? ???? ?????? [3], ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????, ?????? ????? ????? ?????????, ???? ???? ?????? ????. [4] ???? ?????? ??, ????????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????.

?? ??, ????????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????, ????? ?-60 ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ?????, ???? ??????, ????? ?????, ???, ????, ??????, ?????, ????????, ??????, ?????, ????, ???????? ???? ?????. ??? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ??????, ???????, ??????, ??????, ?????? ????? ??????.

?????, ??????? ??? ?? ????????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????:

?????, ??????? ?? ????????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ???????? ???????, ?????? ???? ??? ?????, ???? ?? "??? ?????" ????? ?? ??? ??????? ????????, [5] ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????.

????, ????????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????????? ???? ?????, ?-90% ??????????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ???, ?????? ?? ?-10% ???? ???, ?????? ?????. [4] ?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???.

??????, ????? ????, ???? ?? ?????? ??? ????????? ????? ??????? ???, ????????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ???, ??? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???????????, ?????? ????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???????, ????? ????? ????. ??????? ????? ????, ??????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ????.

4. ???? ?????? ????? ??????????? ?????????? ???? ?? ????? ??????????? ?????, ??????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ????. ?????? ???????????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ??????? ??????. ??? ?????? ?? ????????? ??? -97.4J/g. ??? ??? ?????? ?????, ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???. ????? ???? ???????? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??????. [6]

?????, ???? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????????. ?????? ?????????, ????? ??????? ?????? (WHO), ????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? (FDA), ????? ???????? ??????? ???? (EFSA) ???', ????? ?? ???????, ???????? ?????? ?????? (AND) ???? ????????? ???? ?????? ?????.

?????? ????? ?????, ?????, ?? ?? ?????? "??????".

??????, ???????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??????, ????, ???? ????, ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????, ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????.

?? ???, ?"????? ??????" ?? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ???????: ????? ????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ????????, ????? "?????" ???????. ?????, ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???????? ????, ??? ???? "???", ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????????, ???????? ?????.

????? ???, ????????? ??? ?? "???? ?????" ?????? ???????, ???? ??? ????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????????.

?? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????????, ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????, ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? "???? ????".