????? ????????, ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????, "????? ???? ????? ???" ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??????. ????? ?? ??? ???????, ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? - ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????, ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ????? ????????. ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???, ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????, ??? ??????? ????????? ???????.

Youdaoplaceholder0 ??? 1 ?????? ??????: ?????? ?????????? ????? ??? ???? ???????

Youdaoplaceholder0 1.1 ??????: ???? ????? ?? ????

???? ????? ?? ????????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? 500 ???? ??????, ???? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????. ???? ????? ??? ???? ??-????? ?? ?????? ???????? (C??H??O??), ????? ?? ?????????? ??????, ????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???.

?????? ????? ?: ????? ??? ????/??? ???? → ????? → ???????, ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????;

??? ????: 4 ??????? ????, ??? ?????? ?? 1, ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????;

?????? ??????? ?: ??"??? ????" ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ????????, ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?????????????? ?? ??????? ???????.

Youdaoplaceholder0 1.2 ???????: ??? ???? ???? ????? ????????

???? 1976, ?????? ????? ??? ???? ????????, ??? ????? ???? ?????, ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? (C??H??Cl?O?) ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????. ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????????, ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????.

?????? ????? ?: ?????? ?????? → ????? ???? → ?????, ???? ??????? ????? ??????;

????? ??? ????????: ???? ?? 600 ???????, ??? ???????, ???? ???? (????? ?????? ??????? ??????);

????? ????? ?: ???? ????? ?? ??? ?-FDA ???? 1998, ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ????, ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?-1.8 ??????? ???? ???? 2022.

Youdaoplaceholder0 ??? 2 ?????? ??????: ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????

Youdaoplaceholder0 2.1 ???? ???? ??????? ?? ??????

????? ?????? ?: ?????? → ????? ?????? ??????? + ??????? → ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????.

????? ??????: ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ?-10% ???? ???????? (?-50 ??? ??????);

????? ????? Youdaoplaceholder0 ?: ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???, ????, ?????? ????????? ?-35 ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???.

Youdaoplaceholder0 2.2 ???? ??????? ?? ???????

???????? ???????? ?: ???????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? → ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ??????.

????? ???? ?: ?-FDA, ?-EFSA ??-JECFA ???? ???? ?? ???????, ?? ????? ????? ????? (ADI) ?? 5 ?"?/?"? ???? ???;

???? ???????:

????? ??????????? ?? ???????? : ???? ???? 2018 ?????? ???? ??? Nature ???? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????????;

????? ?????? ????????? ????? ?: ???????????? (???? ????? ?????????) ???? ??????? ??? 120 ????? ??????, ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????;

??????? ?? ???? ????? : ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ????????.

???? ??? ?????: Youdaoplaceholder0

??????? ????????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????????, ?? ?? ?? ???? ????? ???. ????? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ????.

-- ?"? ??? ????', ??????? ?????? ??????????? ?'??? ???????

Youdaoplaceholder0 ??? 3 ????? ???????: ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????

3.1 ????? ?????? ?? ??????

???? ?????? Youdaoplaceholder0 : ????? ?????????? (????? ??????) ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???????. ???????? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????;

?????? ??????? ?: ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ??????. ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ??? "??? ????? ???";

???? ????? ?: ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? "????? ?????".

Youdaoplaceholder0 3.2 ???????? ??????? ?? ????????

?????? ??? ???? ?: ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?? "????? ??? ????????" ?? ???????, ???? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?-25% ???? 2023;

?????? ????????????: ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ????????;

????? ???? ????? ?: ??????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????????, ????? ???? ????? ???????? ???.

???? Youdaoplaceholder0: ????????? ?????? ?? ???? ????

???? 2021, ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ????????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ????????? ???????. ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? 14% ??????? ??????? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ???, ?? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?"?????? ???? ?????? ????".

Youdaoplaceholder0 ??? 4 ????? ??????: ????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????

Youdaoplaceholder0 4.1 ??????? ?????????: ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????

?????? ???? ?????? ?: ?????? ????????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? "????? ?????";

???? ????? ?: ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??????????, ????? ??? ??? ???????? ?????????;

??? ???? ????? ?: ????? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???? ?? ??????.

Youdaoplaceholder0 4.2 ????? ???????? ?? ??????

??? ??? ?????? ????? ????? Youdaoplaceholder0: ???? ??????? ????? ???? - ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????, ??????? ????????? ??????? ?????????;

??????????? ???? ?: ?????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????;

????? ???? ?-Z: 87% ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???, ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????.

?????: ???? ??????? ??? ?????

????? ??? ???? ???? ??????????, ??? ???? ?????. ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?????????? ??? ??? ??? ????, ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????????? ????? ?? ?????. ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?????????, ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ??????, ??? ?? ????? ?? ??????, ????? ??????? ????. ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????: ??? ??????? ???? ?????, ??? ?????.