Sodium alginate ???????????????????? iodine ??? mannitol ??? algae ??????????????: kelp ??? seaweed. ?????????????????????????? β - D-mannuronic acid (M) ??? α - L-guluronic acid (G) ???????????????????????? (1 → 4). Sodium alginate aqueous solution ?? viscosity ?????????????????????? thickener, stabilizer, emulsifier, ???????????????. Sodium alginate ???????????????????????????????????????????? Pharmacopeia ???????? 1938. Sodium alginate ???????????????????????????? - COO -, ??????????????????????? polyanionic ??????????????????????????????????????????????????. ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? mucosal. ????????????????????????, - ????? COO - ??????????? COOH, ????? ionization ???????, hydrophilicity ??? sodium alginate ???????, ??????????????????????????, ?????? pH ?????????, ???? COOH dissociates ?????????????, ????? hydrophilicity ??? sodium alginate ??? stretching ???????????????????. ????????, sodium alginate ????????????? pH ?????????. Sodium alginate ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????. ????? cations ????? Ca2+ ??? Sr2+ ?????, Na+ ??????? G ???????????? divalent cations, ???????? G ?? stack ?????????????????????????????????????, ????????????????????? hydrogel. ??????????? sodium alginate ????????? gel ?????????, ?????????????????????? inactivation ???????????????????????, ?????????, ?????, enzymes ?????????????????. ????????????????????????????????????, sodium alginate ???????????????????????????????????????????????.