???????????? ???-?????? ???? ???????? ???, ?? ?????? ?????????? ????? ???, ?? ?? ??????, ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ???.?? ???. ?? ????????? ?????, ???, ???????, ???????? ??????? ????? ????????? ?????. ?? ????, ???? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ????????? ????????????? ????? ?????. ????? ????, ?? ????? ????????? ????, ???? ??? ????? ????????? ????????????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ????? [1][2]. ?????????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ???, ????????? ???? ???? ???????? ??????????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ????? ????. ???????? ?????? ???? ?.? ?????????/????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ??% ????, ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???-?????????? ???????????? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ???? [3]. ?????? ?????????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?????????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? [2]. ????????????, ????????? ????????? ??% ???????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ????, ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? [4]. ?????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????????????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? [5]. ?????????????? ?? ??????? ????????? ????????????? ???? ???????? ???? ????????? ??? ??? ????????????? ?? ??????????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ???.

?????, ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????????? ???? ???? ????. ???????? ????????????? ??????, ?????????? ?????? ??????????????? ???????????? ??????? ????????? ?????, ????????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ???? [4]. ???????, ???????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???.

????? ?????: ???????????? ????? ????????????? ???? ??? ????, ??????????? ????????? ?????? 2/3 ????. ?????????? ?? ?? ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ????????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????. ??? ???? ???????????? ?????? - ???? ????????, ??????????????? ???? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ???? [7,8]. ????????????, ?????? ???????????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ??????? ????-????????? ??????? ????? ???? ????, ?????? ?? ????-????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????, ????????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????????? ???????? ?? ????? ????, ???????? ????? ??????????? ??? ????.

???????? ????? ????? ???: ??????????????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??? ????? ????????? ?????? 90% ???????????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ???? 10% ??? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????. ?????? ???????????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????????, ?????????? ?? ????????? ????????????? ??????? ????????? ????? ????, ?????? ?????? ???????????? ???? ???-?????? ???????? ???????? ?????????????, ??????? ???? ?? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???. ???????? ???? ?????? ????????, ?????????? ????? ??? ????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ????, ????? ?????? ??????????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???????????????? ????????? ????????? ???? ??? ???? [9]. ???????????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????? ?????. ?????????? ??????? ????? ????? ????????? ???? 1/10-1/20 ???? ??? ?????? ????? ????? 0.2-0.4 kJ/g ????, ?? ??????????? ????????? 5% ?? 10% ???? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ??? ????? ????.

???? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????????: ?????????????? ???????? ?????? ??????????, ???????????? ?????? ???? ???????? ????????????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? 10% ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????. ????? ?????? ???????????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ??????????, ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? [10]. ?????? ??????????? "2007 ??????? 12" ????? ???????????? ???? "?????????? ?????" ???????? ????? ???? ???, ????? ???? 50 ????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????????? ??? ?????, ????? ????????????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ???? ???? ?????????? ????? ???? ????.

??????? ??????????? ????????: ???????? ??? ??? [11] ????? ????????????????? ??????? ????????? ?????????????? ????????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ????, ???? ??? ????????????? ????????? ????? ????????????? ??? ??? ????. ????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ??????????, ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????????? ?????? ??? ????????? ? ???? ?????????? ????? ????, ??? ????? ???? ?? ??????????????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???????????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???. ??????, ????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ??? [12,13].

????-???? ???????: ???????? ??? ??? [14] ????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?????????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????. ???? ?????????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ????, ??? ??? ????? ?????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ??? ????, ???????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? [15]. ????????????, ?????????? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ?????????????? ????-????? ???????????? ??? ??????? ????: 1. ????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ???????????? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ????; 2, ??????? ?????????????? ????? ???????????? ??? ??????????? ?????? ??? ????; 3. ?????????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? [16]. ??????, ??????????????? ????-????? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ???.