??????????? ???? ?????????? ?????????????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??????????? ????? ??? ????.
??????????? [(C6H10O5) n] ?? ???????, ????????? ??? ???????? ???? (????? ????????? ????) ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????, ???? ??????????? ?????????????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ????, ?????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? 12 ????, ?? ????????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????. ???????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ????????????????? 1981 ????? ????????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????????, ???? ??????? ??????????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???. 2010 ?????, ????? GB 25541-2010 "????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ?????????? ???????????" ???? ????, ???????? ??????????????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ?????????????? ???????? ????. ??, ????????????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????
????????? ???????? ????? ??????, ????????????? ????? ??? ???????? ??????????????????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????. ?, ??? ?????: ????????????? ???????? ???? ???? ????????, ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??????????? ?? ????? ???? ????, ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ????. ?, ????????????? ?????????? ?????: ??????????? ?? ?? ??????????? ???, ?????????? ???????? ?????? (?????????????????, ????????????) ???? ????????????? ?????????? ??? ???? ??? ?????????????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ??? ????, ????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ????, ????? ?????????? ??? ????, ??????????? ???? ????. ?, ??????????? ??? ???: ??????????? ?????????? ???? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ???? ?????, ??????????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ???? ???? ?????????? ??????????? ??????, ??????????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????. ???? ??????????????????, ???????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??????????? ???????? ???? ??? ????????? ??????????? ????? ?????????? ??? ????. ???? ?????????? ??????????? ??????, ????????????? ???? ????? ????????????? ?????? ????????? ???? ????. ??????????, ?????????? ??????????? ????????? ???? ????????? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ????, ?? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????; ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????????????? ??????????? ????? ????, ????????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????? ????; ?????????? ?????????? ??????????? ????????? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ????. ????????????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??, ???????? ????????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???. ?????, GB 5009.245-2016 "??? ?????? ????? ????????????? ????????????????? ????????" ?? ???????? ????????????????? ????? ???? ???, ???? ??? ??? ?? ??????????????? ??? ???????? ????? ????, ????????????????? ??????????????? ????, ???????, ????????? ??? ??? ????????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????????????????? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??????????????-???? ????????????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????????????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ????. ??? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???, ?????????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ????????????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????????? ????????? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???. ??????????? ??????????? ??? ????????, ?????? ????????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????, ????, ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ????????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???.