????? ?? ????? ????????????? ??????? ??? ????, ??????, ???????????? ??? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ???. ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ????. ????? ??????? ????-????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????, ????? ????? ??????? ???????????? ???? ?????????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?????. ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ???????????? ???, ?????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ????.

1. ???????? ??? ???????????? ???????

????? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????. ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ?????, ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?? ??, ???? ??? ?????????????? ?????????????? ???? ??? ?????, ????? ???????????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????????.

2. ??????? ?????? ???????????

????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ????. ??????? ??? ??????? ?????????, ?? ?????????????? ?????????????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????????? ???? ???. ?????, ???????? ????? ???????????????????, ?????? ???????????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ?????????, ???????? ???? ???? ???? ??????????? ????? ??? ?????? ????????? ???????? ????. ??????, ?? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ???. ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ????? ??? ???????????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ????.

3. ??? ???????? ??????

????? ?? ???????? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ????????? ?????????? ???? (?% ???? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ?? ??????? ????), ???????? ?? ?? ????????? ???? ?????? ????.

4. ??????????????????

????? ?? ????????????? ????? ????? ??? ???????????? ?????????? ???? ????????? ???? ??? ???? ???????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ?? ????? ????, ????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ?????. ?????????? ?? ????? ?????????, ??? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ????. ?????????? ?? ??? ????????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ??????????? ????. ????? ???? ?????????????????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ?????????????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ???.

5. ?????? ???????

????? ?? ????????? ??????? ???????????? ????????????? ???? ????. ?????????, ?????????????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ??????, ????? ????? ?? ???? ????????? ??????? 10-80 ℃ ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?????. ??? ???????? ???????? ???? ????????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ????. 1% ????? ?? ?????? (1% ???????? ???????? ??????) 25 ℃ ?? 120 ℃ ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???? 3% ??? ????.

6. ?????? ??? ????????? ???????

????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????????? ??? ????? ???? ??? pH 5-10 ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????. pH 4 ?????? ??? ??? 11 ?????? ????? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ??? ????. 3-11 ???? pH ???????????, ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? 10% ?????? ??? ??? ?????. ????? ?? 5% ?????????? ????, 5% ???????? ????, 5% ?????? ????, 10% ?????????????? ???? ??? 25% ????????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ????????????? ?????? ????. ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?????????????? ????????? ??? ????? ?????. ????? ?? ?????? ????????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????. ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ????. ????? ?? ?????????? ???? ??? ????????? ??????? ????? ?????????????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ????????? ???? ???? ?????? ????.

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