The chemical formula of spermidine is C7H19N3, which consists of one amine group (NH) and two amino groups (NH2). Its molecular formula is shown below, belonging to a colorless transparent crystal. The chemical structure of spermidine contains three nitrogen atoms, which makes it have certain chemical activity and biological activity.

Spermidine is found in many foods, especially in higher amounts in legumes (such as soybeans), whole grains, fermented foods (such as cheese), mushrooms, and some fruits (such as citrus fruits). The body also synthesizes spermidine itself, mainly in the liver, kidneys and small intestine. However, the amount of spermidine produced by the human body is affected by age, diet, intestinal microbiota and genetic factors, and the amount of human body's own synthesis begins to decline after the age of 30, and the decline is more obvious after the age of 40.

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Spermidine has anti-oxidation (clear free radicals), anti-aging (autophagy, clean up senescent cells), improve reproductive health (especially improve ovaries, prolong reproductive age) and protect cardiovascular and cerebrovascular, etc., has become a star product in the field of anti-aging.

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Spermidine has two processes of plant extraction and biological fermentation, spermidine products on the market are mainly extracted from rice or wheat germ as raw materials, and the price of 98% pure products is as high as 7000 yuan /kg.

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Biosynthesis: synthesizing spermidine with homoserine and putrescine (butylenediamine) as substrate, dehydrogenating homoserine to aspartate hemialdehyde and NADH with homoserine dehydrogenase, synthesizing aspartate hemialdehyde and putrescine to carboxyglarine with NADH as coenzyme, and achieving coenzyme regeneration into NAD. Finally, arginine decarboxylase decarboxylated arginine to produce arginine. The concentration of spermidine in the reaction solution can be about 13g/L.

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At present, domestic synthetic biology companies Huarui Biology, Zhongke Xinyang, Twinings Biology and Shanghai ergothione and other companies are pushing synthetic biology spermidine products, who can eventually take the lead in industrialization and become the mainstream supply let us wait and see.