With the continuous increase in the global prevalence of diabetes (IDF data shows that it has reached 628 million patients), dietary intervention has become an important strategy for the management of metabolic diseases. Polydextrose (PDX), as a GRAS substance approved by the US FDA (GRN No.000100), has attracted extensive attention in the academic community due to its unique blood glucose regulation properties. This article will conduct an in-depth analysis of the multi-dimensional effects of this soluble fiber on sugar metabolism.

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Part One: The Molecular biological Basis of the Mechanism of Action
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1.1 Physical barrier Effect
Viscosity characteristics: The viscosity of a 10% solution reaches 52mPa·s at 25℃, forming a gel network in the intestinal tract
Delayed gastric emptying: Prolonged the T50 of gastric emptying for solid food by 40±12 minutes (p<0.01)
Diffusion resistance: Reduce the concentration gradient of glucose in the intestinal lumen and mucosa by 35%
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1.2 Inhibition of digestive enzymes
α -amylase competition: Binding constant Ka=2.3×103 M?1
Disaccharidase interference: Reduces maltase activity by 28±6%
Transporter regulation: Down-regulation of SGLT1 expression level (Western blot showed a 41% reduction)
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1.3 Microbial - Metabolic Axis
SCFAs generation: The molar ratio of propionic acid to acetic acid reaches 1:1.7
Bile acid transformation: Promotes 7α -dehydroxylation (fecal DCA increases by 3.2 times)
Hormone secretion: GLP-1 level increased by 2.8pmol/L (2 hours after oral administration of 15g)
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Part Two: Chain of Clinical Research Evidence
2.1 Research on Healthy Population
Index Intervention group (12g/d) Control group p value Fasting blood glucose 4.8±0.3mmol/L5.1±0.40.032 2-hour postprandial blood glucose 6.2±0.77.1±0.90.008 Insulin sensitivity 1.2±0.1 0.1 ±0.2 0.21
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2.2 Diabetes Management
Decreased HbA1c: Meta-analysis showed a reduction of 0.5-0.9% (95%CI -1.2 to -0.3)
Blood glucose fluctuation: Continuous blood glucose monitoring showed a 31% decrease in MAGE value
Complication prevention: It can reduce the formation of AGEs by up to 27%
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Part Three: Key Technologies for Industrial Application
3.1 Food Engineering Innovation
Baking substitution: When 30% sucrose is replaced, the product acceptance reaches 87 points (out of 9).
Beverage stability: The solubility remains above 95% within the pH range of 3 to 8
Hot working tolerance: Retention rate > 90% after 30 minutes of treatment at 180℃
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3.2 Dose-Effect Relationship
Threshold effect: Blood glucose regulation occurs only when the single dose is ≥8g
Optimal range: 10-15g per day, taken in divided doses
Upper limit warning: > 50g/d may cause osmotic diarrhea
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Part Four: Application Guidelines for Special Populations
4.1 Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
It can reduce blood glucose by 1.2mmol/L in 2 hours after OGTT (n=45,RCT)
Mineral absorption needs to be monitored (iron absorption rate decreases by 9%).
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4.2 Impaired glucose tolerance in the elderly
Combining with vitamin D can enhance the effect by 23%
It is recommended to take it in the morning (for circadian rhythm effects).
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4.3 Obesity-related hyperinsulinemia
Improve HOMA-IR by 0.5 units (8-week intervention)
Attention should be paid to the synergistic effect with GLP-1 receptor agonists
Part Five: Duration of Action and Metabolic Characteristics
Acute effect: Peak 2-3 hours after intake (synchronous blood glucose peak)
Chronic accumulation: The alpha diversity of the intestinal flora increased by 28% after 8 weeks
Drug withdrawal attenuation: The effect can last until 2 weeks after discontinuation
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Part VI: Security Assessment
Microecological safety: Does not affect the abundance of potential pathogenic bacteria
Genotoxicity: Negative in the Ames test
Long-term tolerance: No pathological changes of organs were observed in the 90-day feeding trial
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Prospects and Challenges
Precision nutrition direction: Personalized solutions based on SNP typing
Innovation in delivery systems: Development of colon-targeted release technology
Deepening of Mechanism of action: Exploration of the Regulatory Pathway of the gut-brain?