Shuga, womwe umadziwikanso kuti ma carbohydrate, ndi chakudya chofunikira komanso gwero lalikulu lamphamvu m'thupi la munthu. Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa magulu a shuga, shuga amatha kugawidwa kukhala monosaccharides, oligosaccharides ndi polysaccharides. Glucose ndiye monosaccharide yomwe imagawidwa kwambiri m'chilengedwe, ndipo imatha kuyamwa mwachindunji ndi thupi kuti ipereke mphamvu. Mannose ndi monosaccharide, isoma ya shuga (Chithunzi 1).

Shuga ndi mutu wodziwika komanso wovuta m'miyoyo yathu yatsiku ndi tsiku. Kuchokera pa sucrose wamba, fructose kupita ku D-mannose yodziwika bwino, lero, tikambirana za nyenyezi yotsika kwambiri koma yotheka kwambiri - D-mannose.

Mu 1976, ofufuza ataphunzira zotumphukira za klorini za sucrose, adapeza mwangozi pawiri yokhala ndi kukoma kwambiri, sucralose, yomwe idawonedwa ngati yofunika kwambiri pazakudya zotsekemera, chifukwa sucralose sinali yotsekemera, komanso yokhazikika, yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito muzakudya ndi zakumwa.

Njira 1:

Kugwiritsa ntchito 4-methyl-4-hydroxy-2-pentanone (diacetone alcohol) monga momwe zinthu zimachitikira, madzi ngati zosungunulira, NaOBr amadzimadzi njira ankagwiritsidwa ntchito halogenated reaction, kutsatiridwa ndi acidification ndi isobutanol m'zigawo......

HMB Ca ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kulimbikitsa kukula kwa minofu, kulimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi, kuchepetsa mafuta a kolesterolini ndi otsika-density lipoprotein (LDL) m'thupi kuti achepetse kuchitika kwa matenda a mtima ndi matenda a mtima.

Chofunikira chachikulu cha makapisozi a vitamini E ndi vitamini E, omwe ali mumtundu wa vitamini wosungunuka m'mafuta. Makapisozi a Vitamini E nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zotsatira ndi ntchito zopititsa patsogolo chitetezo chamthupi, ubereki wabwino komanso kuchedwetsa kukalamba.

Ntchito zazikulu ndi zolinga:

Kashiamu ya HMB ndi gawo lofunikira la metabolite la nthambi za amino acid m'thupi la munthu, zomwe zimagwira ntchito yofunikira pakuphatikizika kwa mapuloteni mu minofu ya minofu, kulimbikitsa kukula kwa maselo a minofu ndikuwongolera minofu yopendekera.

Xylitol ndi shuga zimakhala ndi kusiyana kwakukulu pamapangidwe, zopatsa mphamvu, zotsatira za shuga wamagazi, komanso thanzi la mano. Xylitol ndi chotsekemera chachilengedwe chomwe chimatengedwa kuchokera kuzinthu zakubzala monga birch, oak, chimanga cha chimanga, ndi nzimbe. Njira yake yamankhwala ndi C ? H ?? O ?, ya mowa asanu wa shuga wa carbon, ndi kutsekemera kwa pafupifupi 90% ya sucrose, kupereka pafupifupi 2.4 kcal ya mphamvu pa gramu. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, shuga (monga sucrose) ndi disaccharide yopangidwa ndi shuga ndi fructose, yomwe imapereka pafupifupi 4 kcal ya mphamvu pa gramu. Kumwa mankhwalawa kungayambitse kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

M'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, timamva anthu akunena za vitamini E.

Vitamini E, yemwe amadziwikanso kuti vitamini E kapena tocopherol, ndi membala wofunikira m'banja la vitamini komanso mchere wofunikira wa masomphenya, chonde, kuthamanga kwa magazi, ubongo ndi thanzi la khungu.

Kodi magwero a vitamini E ndi ati?

M'malo mwake, mkangano woti vitamini C amatha kuchiza chimfine wapitilira kuyambira m'ma 1970. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, mkangano pakati pa "gulu logwira ntchito la vitamini C" ndi "Vitamini C losagwira ntchito" lakula kwambiri, ndipo mbali ziwirizi zakhala ndi maganizo awo, ndipo sizinagwirizane, ndipo n'zovuta kutsimikizirana.