Pamene chiwerengero cha anthu padziko lonse chikukula, matenda osatha okhudzana ndi ukalamba monga matenda a shuga, kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi kunenepa kwambiri akuchulukirachulukira, ndipo matenda a kagayidwe kachakudyawa amaika mtolo waukulu kwa okalamba ndikuwonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima. Mtima umasinthanso kwambiri ndi ukalamba, zomwe zimatsogolera ku matenda amtima okhudzana ndi ukalamba.

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Matenda a mtima (CVD) ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu pa moyo wa munthu ndi thanzi la matenda wamba, omwe amapezeka kwambiri mwa anthu opitilira zaka 50, omwe ali ndi zochitika zambiri, chiwopsezo chachikulu cha kulumala komanso kufa kwakukulu. CVD imagwirizanitsidwa ndi myocardial fibrosis, kuchepa kwa autophagy, kuwonjezeka kwa mitochondrial oxidative stress ndi kusalinganika kwa metabolic. Choncho, chithandizo cha chifukwa choyambirira cha CVD akadali vuto lachangu mu sayansi yamakono ndi chithandizo chamankhwala.

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M'zaka makumi angapo zapitazi, kafukufuku wambiri adawonetsa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zachilengedwe popewa komanso kuchiza CVD. Zogulitsa zachilengedwe ndi gulu lalikulu lazinthu zamankhwala zomwe zimakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zamoyo, zomwe zimapezeka makamaka kuchokera ku zomera zodyedwa komanso zamankhwala. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti njira zogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala achilengedwe mu CVD zikuphatikizapo: kulimbikitsa autophagy, kuchepetsa kukonzanso kwa ventricular, kuchepetsa kupsinjika kwa okosijeni ndi kuyankha kotupa, kulepheretsa apoptosis, ndi kuteteza minofu ya mtima ku ischemia kapena ischemia / reperfusion (I / R) kuvulala.

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Zogulitsa zachilengedwe ndi njira zawo zogwirira ntchito

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Kuwonjezeka kwa autophagy

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Ma cardiomyocyte okalamba amadalira autophagy, njira yowonongeka ya lysosomal, kuchotsa mapuloteni omwe angakhale oopsa ndi organelles owonongeka. Kutayika kwa autophagy kungayambitse kuchepa kwa mtima. Chandamale cha Amammalian cha rapamycin (mTOR), serine/threonine protein kinase, ndiwowongolera wofunikira pakuwongolera zakudya zamtundu wa nyama zoyamwitsa. Kutsegula kwa mTOR kumalepheretsa autophagy, pamene AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) imagwira ntchito ngati chowongolera chabwino cha autophagy, makamaka poletsa zovuta za mTOR.

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Resveratrol ndi polyphenol yachilengedwe yomwe imapezeka muzakudya zambiri zamasamba, monga mtedza, cranberries, blueberries, ndi mphesa. Zili ndi ubwino wambiri wathanzi, kuphatikizapo anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-aging ndi cardio-protective zotsatira monga kupititsa patsogolo autophagy. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti resveratrol ikhoza kulimbikitsa autophagy mwa kuyambitsa AMPK kudzera m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Kuphatikiza apo, resveratrol imatha kupangitsa kuti ma cell apulumuke poyambitsa njira yopulumukira ya mTOR complex 2(mTORC2).

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Berberine amachokera ku mizu, rhizome ndi khungwa la zomera zambiri zamankhwala ndipo ali ndi zotsatira zosiyanasiyana za mankhwala, kuphatikizapo anti-inflammatory, antioxidant ndi autophagy regulation. Monga activator ya AMPK, berberine imatha kuyambitsa autophagy mwa kuyambitsa AMPK ndipo imathanso kukulitsa autophagy poletsa mTOR.

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Curcumin ndi zonunkhira zomwe zimachokera ku banja la ginger ndipo nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu curries. Curcumin imatha kuyambitsa autophagy poletsa njira yolumikizira PI3K-AKT-mTOR, kutsika-kuwongolera ma phosphorylation a AKT ndi mTOR, kuwongolera LC3-II, kupititsa patsogolo mawu a BECN1, kuchepetsa kuyanjana pakati pa BECN1 ndi BCL-2, ndi kulimbikitsa FoxO a1.

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Imalepheretsa kupsinjika kwa okosijeni komanso kutupa kosatha

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Kupsinjika kwa okosijeni ndi kutupa kosatha ndiye kusintha kwakukulu kwa mamolekyulu komwe kumachitika mu pathophysiology ya CVD. Kutupa kumagwira ntchito nthawi zonse mwa okalamba ndipo ndi chiopsezo cha CVD. Kuwongolera koyambirira kwa kutupa kumatha kuletsa kapena kuchedwetsa kuchitika ndi kupita patsogolo kwa CVD.

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Sesamin ndiye lignin wosungunuka kwambiri wamafuta mu nthanga za sesame ndi mafuta ndipo ali ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana zamankhwala, kuphatikiza antioxidant ndi anti-yotupa. Sesamine imatha kuwongolera mawu a PPARγ, LXRα ndi ABCG1, kulimbikitsa kutuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi mu macrophages, ndikuletsa bwino kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi chifukwa cha oxidized LDL, potero kuletsa mapangidwe a thovu mu macrophages.

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Lycopene ndi acyclic carotenoid yopezeka mwachilengedwe yomwe imapezeka mu ma chloroplast ndi ma chromosome a zomera, komanso mu cytoplasm ya eukaryotes ena monga eubacteria ndi algae. Umboni wa Epidemiological umasonyeza kuti ndende ya lycopene mu seramu imagwirizanitsidwa ndi chiopsezo cha CVD. Lycopene imachepetsa mitundu ya okosijeni yokhazikika (ROS), imachepetsa ma macrophage secretion ya pro-inflammatory cytokines ndi metalloproteinases, imalepheretsa kufalikira kwa maselo osalala a minofu, ndikuchepetsa ma monocyte. Lycopene ikhoza kuletsa mayankho otupa mwa kuletsa kuyambitsa kwa NF-κB, ndipo imathanso kukhudza heterobiotic metabolism poyambitsa njira ya Nrf2/ARE transcriptional.

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Ginger ndi chomera cha monocotyledonous chamtundu wa Zingiberaceae. Ginger ali ndi zinthu zapadera zomwe zimayeretsa ROS, kuphatikizapo peroxides. Zonse zomwe zimagwira ntchito mu ginger, monga curcumin, gingerol, ndi gingerone, zawonetsa antioxidant ntchito. [6] - Gingerol ikhoza kuonjezera ntchito ya superoxide dismutase (SOD) mwa kuyambitsa njira yowonetsera PI3K / AKT ndikuchepetsa kupanga ROS ndi kupanga malondialdehyde mu cardiomyocytes ya neonatal makoswe. Kuphatikiza apo, zotulutsa za ginger zolemera mu 6-curcumin Zitha kukhala ndi zotsatira za antioxidant poyambitsa Nrf2. Mwachidziwitso, zotsatira zoteteza mitsempha ya ginger zimagwirizanitsidwa kudzera m'njira zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kuchepetsa kupsinjika kwa okosijeni ndi kutupa, kuwonjezereka kwa nitric oxide (NO) kaphatikizidwe, kulepheretsa kufalikira kwa maselo a mitsempha yosalala, ndi kulimbikitsa autophagy.

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Kuletsa kukonzanso kwa myocardial

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Kusintha kwapangidwe komwe kumachitika paukalamba wa mtima, kuphatikizapo kusinthika kwapang'onopang'ono kwa myocardial, ndizodziwikiratu za CVD. Kukonzanso kwa myocardial kumadziwika ndi kusintha kwa thupi ndi maselo komwe kumayambitsa cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, fibrosis, ndi kutupa kwa myocardium, potsirizira pake kumayambitsa kuuma kwa ventricular, kusokonezeka kwa mtima, ndipo pamapeto pake kulephera kwa mtima. Angiotensin II imathandizira cardiomyocyte hypertrophy ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa fibroblast ndi mawonekedwe a protein a extracellular matrix. AMPK imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakukula kwa CVD, ndipo kusowa kwa AMPK kumapangitsa kuti mtima ukhale wovuta kwambiri ndipo umapangitsa kuti mtima ukhale wovuta kwambiri.

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Cytokine transforming growth factor β1(TGF-β1) imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri popangitsa kuti ma fibroblasts a mtima asiyanitse kukhala ma fibroblasts amtima. FoxO1 ndi chinthu cholembera chomwe chimakhudzidwa ndi apoptosis, kupsinjika kwa okosijeni komanso kusiyanitsa kwa ma cell. TGF-β1 imapangitsa FoxO1 kufotokoza, ndipo mu fibroblasts ya mtima, TGF-β1 imachepetsa phosphorylation ya FoxO1, imawonjezera nyukiliya ya FoxO1, imawonjezera mapuloteni a FoxO1, ndipo imalimbikitsa kusiyanitsa kwa fibroblasts yamtima mu fibroblasts yamtima.

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Baicalin ndi mankhwala achilengedwe otengedwa ku mizu yowuma ya scutellaria baikalensis. Baicalin imalepheretsa kupanikizika kwambiri kwa mtima wa fibrosis mwa kusintha njira zowonetsera AMPK/TGF-β/Smads. Zotsatira zabwino za baicalin zikuphatikizapo kulamulira kwa mtima wa fibrosis mu vivo ndi mu vitro poyambitsa njira yowonetsera AMPK/TGF-β/Smads. Baicalin imalepheretsanso Smad3 ndi kusuntha kwa nyukiliya kwa Smad3 ndi transcript co-activator p300, potero kulepheretsa kukula kwa angiotensin II-mediated cardiac fibrosis.

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Epicatechin ndiye bioactive polyphenol mu tiyi wobiriwira ndipo ndi antioxidant wamphamvu. Epicatechin amachepetsa angiotensin II ndi kupsyinjika kwamtima-mediated hypertrophy. Epicatechin imalepheretsa kufotokoza kwa angiotensin II-induced c-Fos ndi c-Jun mapuloteni, motero amalepheretsa ntchito ya AP-1. Kuonjezera apo, epicatechin ikhoza kuletsa ntchito ya NF-κB mwa kulepheretsa njira zowonetsera ROS-p38 ndi JNK, ndipo kulepheretsa AP-1 activation ndi chifukwa cha epicatechin kulepheretsa kupititsa patsogolo kwa mtima wa hypertrophy mwa kutsekereza EGFR transactivation ndi zochitika zake zotsika pansi ERK/PI3mTOR/ApK / PI3mTOR / ApK atrial natriuretic peptide ndi B-mtundu wa sodium Reactivation ya mkodzo peptides ndi kuletsa kwa mtima hypertrophy patsogolo. Epicatechin imalepheretsanso kupanga angiotensin II-induced ROS ndi NADPH oxidase expression, motero imalepheretsa hypertrophy ya mtima ndi kukonzanso mtima.

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Ndemangayi imafotokoza za kuthekera kwazinthu zachilengedwe popewa komanso kuchiza matenda amtima. Pamene kuchuluka kwa anthu padziko lonse lapansi kukukulirakulira, matenda amtima okhudzana ndi ukalamba akukhala vuto lalikulu laumoyo wa anthu. Zogulitsa zachilengedwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popewa komanso kuchiza matenda osiyanasiyana chifukwa champhamvu komanso chitetezo chokwanira.

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Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu zachilengedwe monga resveratrol, berberine, curcumin, lycopene, ginger, baicalein, epicatechin, ellagic acid, honokiol, poria, tanshinone IIA ndi marigonin E ali ndi njira zambiri zogwirira ntchito popititsa patsogolo autophagy, kuletsa oxidative remodel inhibiting inhibiting stress, myocardial inhibiting inhibiting respiratory stress and chronic myocardial inhibiting. apoptosis, ndi kuletsa ischemia/kuvulazidwanso kwa reperfusion. Zogulitsa zachilengedwezi zimagwira ntchito yoteteza mtima poyendetsa njira zosiyanasiyana zowonetsera, monga mTOR, AMPK, NF-κB, Nrf2, etc.

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Kuonjezera apo, kudya moyenera, monga kuonjezera kudya zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba, kumwa tiyi wobiriwira, ndi zina zotero, kungathandize kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima. Maphunziro angapo a epidemiological ndi mayesero azachipatala amathandizira malingaliro awa. Makamaka, mankhwala achilengedwe monga makatekini mu tiyi wobiriwira, lycopene mu tomato, ndi gingerol mu ginger awonetsa zoteteza kwambiri pamtima.

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Komabe, ngakhale zinthu zachilengedwe zimakhala ndi chiyembekezo chachikulu pankhani ya kupewa ndi kuwongolera matenda amtima, pali zovuta ndi zolephera zina. Mwachitsanzo, bioavailability wa zinthu zina zachilengedwe ndizochepa, momwe zimagwirira ntchito sizikumveka bwino, ndipo kufunikira kwachipatala kuyenera kutsimikiziridwa mowonjezereka. Kuphatikiza apo, pangakhale kuyanjana pakati pa zinthu zachilengedwe zosiyanasiyana, ndipo kukhathamiritsa kwa mlingo ndi nthawi ya chithandizo kumafunanso kafukufuku wambiri.